SQL Full Course 2026 [FREE] | Complete SQL Traning For Beginners | Advanced SQL Course | Simplilearn

Welcome to the SQL course. Data is at the core of virtually every business decision. Today, companies collect vast amounts of data from website, app, payments, customer interactions, and much more. But collecting data is the beginning. The real value comes from knowing how to retrieve, organize, filter, and turn that data into actionable insight. And that is where SQL becomes one of the most powerful skills that you can learn. This course is designed to take you through SQL from the basics to more advanced concept in a very simple practical way. You will learn how databases store information, how to write efficient queries, filter data, join multiple tables, perform calculations and much more. Step by step, you will gain the confidence to work with real world data and solve business problems with SQL. But it's not just about learning SQL commands like select or where. It's about learning how to ask the right questions, structure data, and use the SQL to solve real world challenges. Here's what we'll cover. First, we'll start with the basics of databases, why they are essential, and how SQL helps you work with large data sets. Next, we will be exploring how to retrieve and filter data using key SQL commands like select, where, and or like. Then we'll be diving into table creation and data manipulation with commands like insert, delete, alter as well as the role of data types in databases. After that we will cover joins relationships including inner join, left join, right join so you can combine data from multiple tables. We'll also go through aggregate functions, group by having so you can summarize and analyze data in a very meaningful way. We'll also explore important concepts like primary keys, foreign keys, constraint and transactions using commit and roll back. Now, if you're looking to take your skills to the next level and launch a career in data analytics, I highly recommend you checking out the data analyst certification course by simply learn. Now, this comprehensive course will offer a master certificate from simply and certifications from Microsoft adding a valuable boost to your resume. You will learn the key tools needed for data analysis like SQL, Excel, Python, Tableau, and PowerBI while working on real world projects. Plus, the course offers job assist to help you prepare for interviews and connect with top employers. So, what are you waiting for? Hurry up and enroll. Now, the course thing is mentioned below. Now, before we move on, here's a quick quiz question for you. Which SQL clause is mainly used to filter rows based on a condition? Your options are order by, where, group by, or join? Let me know your answers in the comment section below. If you're asking me about database, try to understand. Database is a collection of database objects. So I'm writing something right. So this one is okay for you because I'm not good in writing because always I'm using the keyboard. Okay. So but I'm to make the inter interactiveness in the session. So I'm using what is that one? So by writing so something here. So if you are asking me in real world what is the purpose of databases means any application can store data can store data in what is that one? So database only correct that is the first thing if you are developing any application for example so the Facebook application and also Amazon application all these applications they are developing they want to store their data per suppose those for suppose if you're taking Amazon so Amazon wants to maintain contain the products details in the database. Amazon wants to store or insert or update all those data in the database. Even if you're posting some post in the Facebook also, so all the post details we are storing in the database only, right? We are storing in the database only. But if we are talking about these databases, in databases also we have so different types. We have types of what is that one? So databases first one is SQL databases. So or otherwise we can call it as what is that one? So relational and another one is what is that one? So non relational so that means we can call it as nosql and also we have so recently we can see we have vector databases are also available. So maybe in some articles we can able to observe vector databases uh we are using in AI especially in artificial intelligence to store the data in a different format but we are not focusing on these vector databases we are focusing on only what is that one so relational databases but what is the relational database what is the relationship between this relational and NoSQL NoSQL databases. These relational databases also we can call it as SQL databases. Right? So internally these databases are using SQL. SQL means what? So structured query language but NoSQL databases we are not using SQL. So we are using NoSQL. So which is nothing but uh we are not using SQL query language. instead of that. So these NoSQL databases are providing some APIs but you are all new but I just want to uh give you some information. So what is relational database and what is the at what type of situations we can use relational databases and at what type of situations we can use NoSQL databases. So let's take a scenario simple scenario. So somebody's questioning so relational databases. Okay. So Priti I think you're asking oh you're answering. So if you're it is a relational database it is establishing a relationship between the structured tables but it's not something like that. So we can try to understand for example. So for example let's say we are having employees database for suppose. What is employees database? For example it contains some employee table and also what is that one? So the employee and also some other tables might be in that according to the application there might be some other tables will be involved in that particular application right there might be some other tables will be involved in the particular application always like one variable in common it's not like that so try to understand so first if you are talking about relational databases this right so we have employee number name or otherwise I'm just taking so another database for your understanding so take any social media application as an example so like Instagram can you please tell me in Instagram we have so the post if you're posting a post so post ID and also the content of the post so like some other details for suppose the post ID and also content and also the creator of the post and also date some fields. Can you please tell me is it a best practice to keep this post uh for suppose Instagram application can be developed by using so the uh relational databases? No why? What is the reason relational database tables for example if you are talking about rely on what is that one? So the schema in the relational databases we are relying on what is that one? So the schema schema means what the structure for example if you are taking so the content. So this content must be only one type that might be string or otherwise text we can say only in the Instagram you posting only the content only the text type of content always it's not like that right in Instagram so might be I am posting some text some others posting might be video and some others are posting audio always we cannot expect so the content should be text. So in such cases so the relational databases are not suitable. So if you're asking me that what type of situations we can go for relational databases is so always whenever we are dealing with what is that one so some common schema across all the records which we are inserting per post then we can go for relational databases. So but what is database first of all? So database is mainly for storing the data of course for what purpose? Storing and manipulating data. So simple definition is storing and manipulating the data. Storing, manipulating and securing so the data. So for that one so we have so databases. If you're asking me in real life what is the purpose of databases mean we are storing our application data in the database and we are manipulating. So like we are inserting, updating, deleting all those operations we are performing. Correct? All those operations we are performing even if I want to maintain my calendar suppose I have a separate application. Okay. Whatever the meetings I scheduled and whatever the activities I'm attending, right? So I have a separate application. This application is keep on updating. So the records in the database but uh as a developer we have to choose which database is required which database we have to select. So that is SQL database or NoSQL database or something like that. For example if you are asking me if you are going to store employee records for for example employees. So we have an employee table which is capable of holding all the employee records. So we have employee number and employee name and address. If you're asking me so this employee number whatever the details you are entering in the database whatever the operations you are performing right so that operations are mainly for what is that one? So manipulating database for example so here I'm specifying so one sur so delhi or suppose so two subu from hyderabad okay so we are proing some details three John from San Francisco. So now tell me so all the records are following so the same schema right? So this record is following the same schema. All the records which we are inserting so all the records are following the same schema. Schema in the sense the structure. So this one requires employee number. Employee number should be of type integer. So what is the schema for this employee table? So we have employee number whose type is integer and also the employee name whose type is text type and also the employee address whose type is also what is that one the text type. So what I'm saying is whenever we are having structured data structured data in the sense all the records which we are inserting should follow the same schema same rules which we defined in the schema. So what rules we define? So we define some data type we define some constraints all these rules should be satisfied. So each record so then the type of databases we can call it as structured So structured databases yes but uh these structured databases are also relational right if you are asking me first I'm talking about so the structured manner structured behavior with respect to relational databases but after that might be I will think I will talk about so what is a relational database also so first try to understand so this is all the tables are having certain schemas schema will be defined per yearly. So for example another example I am giving for example if you are taking so the department table suppose this one is having so department number and department name and department location this is also what is the data type text data type so what I'm saying is almost all the records which we are inserting so you must follow the certain schema That means you must provide so department number value as integer and you must provide so department name as text and location also you must provide it as text but all the applications just think about yourself all the applications will support this one for example let's say if you are having so HR system for suppose uh or otherwise HRM application in HRM application. So what are the roles uh majorly what are the functionalities we have? So they have to manage the employee details and they have to manage their skill details right. What are the skills that the employee have and they have to manage their personal details employee personal details. So that means if you're joining in a company might be you have to fill up all these things in portal right? So your personal details and all those things. So like that there are so many things should be associated with an employee. So if you are taking HR system, so that one is a broad system which contains not only very specific details to the employee. There are some personal details and also compensation details for example especially so compensation details how much the company is paying for that employee what is the variable pay what is the normal pay and all those information will be stored in what is that table compensation details but uh try to think about if you're having all these tables So but what about the data whether the data which is present in the tables should be related right? All these tables contains data for example. So these all these tables contains data but this data should be related. Correct? If the data is not related how can you manage the employee details? It's not possible. For example, I'm an employee for example of simply learn for example. I am having so my personal details and my skill details and what type of courses I am delivering and also I'm having some other details also like my compensation details and also some other details which are relevant to me. Right? So all the details will be show stored in a single table. No. So each detail will be stored in a separate table and they are what is that one? So relationship they are having relationship with one another table. But there are some cases we have to observe. So this is super super important case try to understand. There are some cases. So the structured databases are not suitable. So that means especially SQL databases are not suitable. Can you please tell me what are the cases? If you are asking me for example if you are taking Instagram application or Facebook application simple example Instagram or Facebook whatever the post you are posting whether the post is following so the certain structure certain schema no if you are taking post for example each post is having so different content we cannot expect so the same type of data we are expecting from the user Correct. So one user might be posting audio, one user is might might be posting image and one another user is might might be posting video. So we cannot say all the data should be satisfying that that certain schema in such cases. So we can go for what is the databases? No SQL databases. NoSQL means the every record present in the database is having their own schema. All the records are not following so the same schema like structured databases in NoSQL databases. So every record right so this is super important every record. So having their own schema having their so won't schema. So in the sense for example if you're having post perose the post will be written as so the JSON object. So which contains the post ID. So 01 and also uh this one is having so some details right. So content might be so this is image but suppose and second post if you are talking about so the post ID two. So for example, so this is the first we cannot say. So the first post post structure and second post structure should be same. So this post ID is what is that one? So 02 and the content will be so something text per suppose you are keeping if you are observing. So here this one is image this one is text and also this one contains some extra attributes also. for example so name so technology something so what I'm saying is this is one record this is another record so can you please tell me all the records are following so same schema same structure no we cannot expect it is not following the same structure each record is having so their own schema so you have to think as a architect For example, while developing the application, what type of database is suitable in the particular context, if each record is having their own schema, so not common schema. In such cases, we can go with what is that one? So, NoSQL databases. Correct? So, no SQL databases. But uh so if you're observing so if you're asking me as an application developer per suppose okay so I work with both SQL databases and NoSQL databases but the most of the consumption will be what is that one SQL databases only so as what is that one so structured structured data almost I'm getting what type of data structured data because if you are working in an enterprise applications almost the data will be what is that one so the structured data if you're speaking about if you're asking me so there are some situations yes we have unstructured data also uh yes unless you don't care what is what in image image just need to record that uh the video or image like that type of data. Yes. Yes. Maria so based upon your expectations we have to decide. So what is the database and okay all right so you understand so database but I'm showing in a practical way. So for example so what is database? So simply I can say the definition of database will be in your books might be if you're a fresher might be you're reading through books books right in the books in academic books. So there are multiple definitions we have in a practical point of view. If you're asking me what is database means database is a collection of database objects. Database is a collection of what is that one? So database So if you're asking me so what is database? Means database a database is a collection of what is that one? So What are the databases? What are the objects will be present in database? Anyone can you please guess it? So first one is tables. If you are taking any database so we have several types of objects tables views. So synonyms what is that synonyms indexes indexes are mainly for performing uh improving the performance of a search query indexes so clusters so functions stored procedures stored procedure Okay. So, etc. There are several objects present in the database. But the most important thing you want to we are working with this one is tables. We need to understand so how to create the tables and how to relate the tables but we are not working with some other objects. Might be we are working on views also and we are working on indexes as well and we are not touching. So, all the objects which are present in the database. First, if you are a basic learner, you should know about what is that one. So, how to create tables and how to provide the relationship between the tables that this is the first reality and the second priority will be what is that one? How to create views and third priority will be what is the purpose of creating indexes. So the synonyms clusters so functions. So after that so might be we are discussing. So we are discussing about functions but we are not discussing about stored procedures and all those are all some advanced concepts that will be covered in advanced SQL but don't think about all these things. So if you're taking any database for suppose that may be varacle or MySQL or any database these are all objects will be present in the database that might be tables or views or synonyms or indexes or anything. So what are the companies that are providing so database solutions? So Veracle right? So is the one of the enterprise level database. Veracle corporation is providing Oracle database and also MySQL is open source. So open source license that means anybody can use without license also and DB2 so which is from IBM actually. So this is also one of the relational So database relational database is a concept actually right. So based upon the concept so the multiple vendors they provided their own implementation. Vacc is providing their own implementation. MySQL is providing their own implementation. DB2 and also Postgress. So Postgress is also providing their own implementation. So the postgress SQL we can call it as but in this session in this training so we are using what is that one the MySQL so which is open source right which is open source and most of the intermediate applications right intermediate level applications we are using MySQL so all the come all these database vendors are providing this database softwares but try to understand if you are taking any database software that might be veracular or MySQL or DB2. So what I'm saying is the objects will be same. So the tables we have to work on what is that how to create tables and how to insert the data and how to work with views and how to work with indexes. These concepts will be common okay across multiple vendors. Is it clear all of you what I'm speaking? Is it understandable? So these are also different companies they are providing their own databases. But in our curriculum so what is that one? So we are using so we are using so MySQL and also another important concept we have to understand while working with the databases we need to understand. So two terminologies one is royp and royap. So what is royp? Anyone could you please guess it? Anyone have an idea about sop stands for what? Did you heard about this term? Okay. So, stands for what is that one? So, online transaction processing system. I'm just writing it here. What is that? So, online so transaction so processing systems. So, OLTP stands for what is that one? So, online transaction processing system. So, it's a simple right. So for because if you are working with databases how the database being utilized for example online transaction processing system means it is a data entry system. So we can simply say data entry systems. So maybe you are in daily life you are observing almost all the systems are what type of systems systems. Can you please tell me some examples for OLTP systems means might be your booking a flight ticket? So booking flights, right? Booking a flight means it involves several operations. So we are entering your data and also we are selecting flight information and all those things. It is a data entry system only right indirectly. If you are booking a ticket through online, you're making your data entry and you are performing uh so ticket booking. So there are several ways we can consider for example so ticket booking and also hotel booking. Uh we can see uh like uh new AAR card creation or new PAN card creation. So these are all data entry systems. So that type of systems are called as OLTP systems. OOLTP systems majorly mainly used for performing. So what type of operations? Insertions, updates and delete. So these type of operations we can perform basically in OTP applications. Almost nowadays if you're observing almost all the types of applications are WLTP applications only but if you're asking me what is the difference between sop and AP systems while AAP means what is that one so online analytical processing right online analytical processing be careful this knowledge is important so you should know about whether the system is OLAP system or OLTP system. So if you're asking me so the oil it's an analytical process for suppose you're having huge amount of data for for example so like Amazon customers data if you're asking me Amazon customers data it's a global business right in a global business there are so many customers are there it's in pabytes or zabytes so from the customer data you want to get some insight right suppose. So the people who are actively purchasing electronics, the people who are actively purchasing some other goods per suppose. So if you want to perform some analytical operations and you are generating some reports. So this is super important. If you are generating some report based upon based upon so client requirements here we are not performing any insertion operations or deletion operations or anything. We are not going to manipulate the data. We are just performing what is that one? So we are using the data. So for analytics for analytics and reporting purpose all right for analytics and also reporting purpose. So that type of systems we can call it as OAP systems. Now we need to understand the differentiation rate. So database we are using in two purposes. Either we can use that one as OTP systems. So for online transaction processing or either we can use that one for what is that one systems. If you're asking me where we can use for online analytical processing means so might be your manager is asking some insights about what is that one. So some business per suppose we need to provide some insights. So finally we are generating the report. How we are generating the report? Some visualization report. Maybe you are representing the data in a visualized form uh in the form of bar chart or otherwise pie chart or something to differentiate the sales or to differentiate so the data or suppose. So such type of systems we can call it as OAP systems. But almost if you are observing in government offices almost all the systems are what is the OLTP systems online transaction processing systems. That means through applications. So we are inserting the data, we are updating the data, we are deleting the data, all these operations we are performing. Is it clear all of you? What is OLTP and OAP? Do you have any questions? I'm just looking with the chart I think. So previously I'm not addressed any question. Uh when it comes to database objects, we need to create a database from scratch. Yes. So that is correct. Maria can you give some examples for the tables and other types? Okay. So I will give you some examples. No worries. First basic question is can you please provide some examples for OLTP and OJP? Okay. Say you're working in a company or suppose you're working as a customer support engineer for suppose or customer support. You're working in a customer support. So what we have to do? So we are receiving calls from the customer and we need to raise the complaint or something. Can you please tell me? So raising a complaint is a WTP or a comes under what is that one? So OLTP correct? Yes or no? So raising a complaint comes under what type of system? WTP system. So why we are entering? So complaint details? So what is the cause and everything? So we are raising a complaint as a customer support engineer for suppose. For example, so somebody's questioning, somebody's raising uh asking me as a customer support engineer. So u my ado edops system is not working or otherwise. So something there is a problem with my laptop. What I have to do? I need to fill out some form right and I'm raising a complaint. So that type of systems are WTP systems. If you are raising a complaint so automatically what happens? So that complaint will be received by IT team right? So that complaint will be received by the IT team. So again IT team is resolving that problem. So IT team is trying to resolve that problem. So they are updating the status. Right? So they're updating the status. So updating status is also comes under what is that one? So only because already have the data so they are updating the data. Some other examples might be easiest examples. You are booking a flight ticket. So booking a flight ticket. So booking a flight ticket comes under what is that one? So OLTP correct? So online transaction processing. But after that what happens after booking flight ticket so you're not uh possible to uh continue the journey on the particular day. So what we have to do so we need to update the booking for suppose we need to update the booking. So this is also comes under royaltp only. So that means what operations you are performing on the data might be insertion or updation or deletion all these comes under what is that one operations can you please tell me so some examples related to related to operations online analytical processing mostly the data analytics people right so data analytics so these people they are using some tools so like powerbi So Microsoft PowerBI and also SQL and they are using some Python all these tools they are generating. So this OLTP oil processing perose means what? So online analytical processing analytical means what? So they are going to perform some process the major outcome will be what is that one? So they're expecting for some report. So the outcome will be so they are analyzing the data and uh finally they they are generating some report right for reporting they are using some tools like PowerBI for analyzing the data. So they are using SQL and Python. Okay. Like that in each stage there are some tools will be used but finally expectation will be so they are going to generate some report. This report will be used for what is that one? So decision making right? If a leadership want to make any decisions they will use this report. So if you want to so generate report by analyzing the existing data. So then we can go forward that one. AP systems there are two parts for you right. So one is you have to work as work as wellp developer per suppose. So WLTP developer per suppose system developer which is nothing but app developers. So mostly app developers which is nothing but web or mobile or any application developers. So all applications comes under what is that one? So the WTP systems only but uh if you're going for online analytical processing so if you are going for online analytical processing so mostly data analytics comes into the picture right. So they have to generate the reports they have to get the insights from the data. So most of the professionals will be from so data analytics. So for that one also uh we need SQL right we need SQL we need Python. So some technologies we need Python and we need some tools for reporting. So like PowerBI so some tools are which are required for reporting and all for app developer. So we need to learn Java or Python. Okay, we need a so what we can say we need to learn a full stack development we can say full stack development this is one track but most of the people nowadays trending is what is that one so this is data analytics right I can see even in simply learn or outside also the people who are more concentrating on SQL so they are migrating to this area. So like data analytics so the people are from so different domains right so marketing HR so the finance so all these not only finance banking of course finance is comes under banking only and also insurance so there are different domains the people are working. So, logistics, management, right? So, management is also one of the important domain. So, why these people are learning? So, the SQL the reason is they have to transform their careers into what is that? So, the data analytics. Yes, very good. So, the medical good question. some medical and all those things. So what is the difference between Python and R means? There are lot of differences is there but I cannot discuss sak here uh because this is not a Python session right. Python and R R is mainly used for machine learning. Okay. So the Python itself it is providing some libraries like scikitlearn uh tensorflow. So some libraries that are very good in what is that one? So performing machine learning operations. So just for your high level. So I just want to understand your track actually. So can you please post it in the chat? I am just just observing what is your track whether you want to become an application developer or your focus should be on so data analytics. What is your track? So could you please post it in the chat? I just want to understand see ultimately I'm getting so like data analyst data scientist these roles are getting demanded nowadays in the market right so your focus should be on what is that once working on data only I cannot see the application developer that's gone I worked as an application developer previously also I worked with Java many number of many years uh Java front end technologies I can able to develop the full stack applications very quickly but nowadays you know so like from 10 years or 7 years so this data is getting very demanded the people who are having so very good domain experience they can easily handle the data they can easily understand the data like that so that This is a okay I will tell you simple example why you are learning SQL what are the roles might be you are suitable for so if you are learning SQL the first most thing is your domain knowledge so plays important role in your job and second one is your technical knowledge right so what that once your technical knowledge and this technical knowledge after that so usage of AI tools so the third one whether you are comfortable with AI tools or not like that so I think uh Sudha is asking some question for entering day-to-day data so we can use OLTP for generating reports and making decisions. Yes, we'll use OLAP. Correct. Yes. Correct. But when coming to the applications, if you are observing, it's a combination, right? If you're observing some software applications, it contains all the parts. Some of the parts will be OLTP system, some of the parts will be analytical processing systems. If you are logging into the application in HR portal, HR can able to get the analytics how many employees are going to what is the attrition rate and all those things there comes under analytics right how many people are not interested in the company HR should know if you are logging with HR details the application will display how many employees are leaving next month how many employees are leaving next year all the analytics might be HR can able to attrition rate and all based upon the attrition rate so might be HR can able to initiate some what is that one so recruitment plans and all in the similar way new employees are getting onboarded in the company if new employees are getting onboarded means that type of system is OLTP system correct the new employees getting into the company means they have to create so new user so new user for that particular employee. All these things will be taken care by the HR people. If you're talking about the HR application, that application contains both OLTP and OAP, online transaction processing and online analytical processing. But try to understand the difference is analytical processing is more about what is that one of doing some analytics and getting insights from the data for decision making improving sales and improving the customer experience or improving some other details. These are all decisions which is required for management level right which are required so at management level. speaking? So that's why most of the people like I can see from your personas mostly you are interesting in what is that one analytics side and also it is not easy right so if you are getting into an application developer right you have to learn Java and all these tag it will take many time many years but uh nowadays it is becoming simpler but what happens means getting into the analytics job. So data jobs any data job any data job so it is getting demanded nowadays because because of this machine learning and AI and generative a all these stuff is it clear all of you got some idea so got some insights what exactly your career path and all why I'm taking so might be somebody of some of you might be asking me question so why you are speaking all this nonsense So you need to understand your path right? So but what are the difficulties in that part also you have to understand what is what is the effort you have to keep also you have to understand so that's why I just speaking nearly 1 hour about what is that one so what are the different paths you can choose it like that is it clear so can I proceed further let's jump into our concept I'm not going to spend more time with that one I already brainstormed a lot what is the path you have to select. I'm suggesting so mostly if you're having domain knowledge you're very good with your domain what you are working I better go with analytics if you're having so already so that I'm a good in Java I am good in so Python or any programming language so you can go it as what is that one so the fullstack developer and use SQL and all those the fullstack developer can easily transform but the based upon the domain rights So I'm in banking for suppose my domain is banking. Uh if I want to developing in logistics per suppose I want to develop an application in logistics. So I'm new to the domain maybe I have to understand something what are the operations of logistics and how this one works and all. Okay like that. Yeah. So now when coming to the databases the first step what we have to do is so we are using what is the database we so throughout this session so we are using so the MySQL database I am encouraging so to install so your personal machines because you can simply learn is providing the lab also but I am suggesting to install so what is that also in your personal machines as well. So I will guide you how to install. So install MySQL. So in your personal machines as well or suppose if you are working from company don't install it. That means your company laptop don't install it. So if you are using company laptop so don't install so the MySQL only in personal machines only you can install so because there are some IT restrictions are there in the company laptop so don't install it so if you want to work with databases there are several databases we have so maybe you're asking me why we are using only MySQL because this one is open source actually okay we don't want to worry about licenses and all so that's why I'm using MySQL so where to access SQL means I will tell you so just wait for some time yeah where you can install it all those things I will tell you so just you can observe so go to the Google just follow my steps even if you want to ask me to Repeat. I will repeat it three times. But please bear with the instructions. Don't write on your company laptops because the company laptops does not allow these installations. So I'm just installing. So the MySQL or 8.1 or 8 MySQL 8 download for suppose you just type it this keyword. Mhm. What is that one? So the my escalate download in the chat you can go to the first link so you can see so any 8 8 version is sufficient so 8.0.45 45 or any version is sufficient no worries. And uh the operating system most of the people are using Windows only. So you can go with the Windows operating system. So if you're coming down we can able to see different sizes of this uh one right or otherwise we can see click download page. I think uh uh nam uh for the Mac we have to check. Okay. So because we have to select DMG file right. So in the Mac so we have so the Mac O is also available. So you can just download that particular one. So installed what you installed actually. So you followed some options and install some setup right. So but what happened behind the scenes? What are the installations we made? So those are all super important things we have If you're asking me so the MySQL or any database software, it's a server software. Please listen carefully. This is super important for any database or anything. Uh so so that is the problem. Correct. You installed workbench. Workbench is just a client. Okay. Just wait. Okay. I will come back to you. Seems I need to interact with you. Okay. I think OB. Yeah. I can just wait for some time. After the discussion, I will come back to you. I know. So different experiences. So try to understand first what exactly you done up to now. If you are doing installation right. So this is the step. If you are doing installation there are two things. First what is this MySQL actually MySQL or Veracular or whatever it may be this one we can call it as DB server. What is that DB server? So in a company if you are working in a company so this installation cannot be done in your personal machine your database server is located in some remote machine some virtual server for example uh so my company for example I am working in some bank my company main branch is located in Hong Kong or otherwise United States suppose so my business is more related to what is that one so United States yes in the United States I need to maintain so my database server right so for that United States I created one uh virtual machine that means I need to create one I need to maintain one my DB server So in the real environment I'm talking about so DB server means what? So that is nothing but so the MySQL server but in your training purpose just for training purpose we are installing server software in this machine. Server software and client software both will be installed in your machine. But try to think about in a real environment server is not in your machine. So database server database software will be installed in a separate location. So separate infrastructure will be provision separate infrastructure will be maintained for the particular server. But you are a developer per suppose for example you are an SQL developer so you want to communicate with that server correct you are an SQL developer suppose or SQL developer or otherwise what we can say you're working on analytics so you want to communicate with the server so we need some tools correct we need some tools to communicate with the server So if you are working with especially MySQL so MySQL is providing one tool called as what is that one? So MySQL workbench so it's a graphical user interface. So this is a GUI tool. So by using this GI tool so we can able to communicate with the MySQL server which is running on so might be my server is located in London or USA or Hong Kong or anywhere because when coming to the business where is their business location suppose the bank is located in somewhere some other location or the particular business is located in some particular region. according to that region. So they are maintaining their server in different locations. But as a developer we need to perform the operations. So we are going to connect to that server with the help of some tool some graphical user interface tool. So GUI So graphical user interface tools. Right. So with the help of graphical user interface tools, so we can able to so communicate with the servers actually. So what is this graphical user interface tool? So that is nothing but MySQL workbench. So whenever we are doing installation right for training purpose what we are getting? So for training we are doing so full setup right full installation we are choosing full installation so while doing full installation so we are getting some MySQL 8.0 zero right so that is one option so which is nothing but server we need server engine so server engine which is mainly for processing MySQL statements and also we need some client tool right so which is nothing but workbench so workbench is called as what is So one of the client tool which is mainly for communicating with the server and also we have so some other tools also some other softwares also will be installed. So MySQL router what is that? So MySQL router for example if you are working as an application developer if you want to connect to the MySQL so the application wants to communicate with MySQL. So we are using so MySQL router but right now as a part of this training this is not essential and also it is providing so MySQL shell. So this is also another tool. So this one is providing some bash shell some Linux shell to communicate with what is that the MySQL database server and also it is providing some command line also. So these are all tools will be provided for you. So most of the situations we are using these two right one is workbench. So what is the reason we are using mostly this one is GUI so graphical user interface we don't want to worry about writing more code and another one is what is that one the command line so if you want to write the query okay so you can use what is that once the command line if you want to write a query through command line so if you want to execute the query so we can use what is that one so command line like that. So we have so the all these options will we are getting with full installation but in the company environment we are not responsible for installing MySQL. So that is database server is already running. Okay. So the MySQL server is already running in some other location. So with the help of workbench we have to connect to that server with the help of some protocol called as TCP by IP. So this TCP by IP is a network protocol. What is TCP? TCP stands for transmission control protocol which is mainly for so establishing a communication establishing a channel between client and server applications. But to establish a channel between the two applications, it requires some port number. What is that? It requires what is that one? So the port number. So every application so that may be MySQL or VR or otherwise any application if you're running that application is running on some port So during the installation so we can see this port number. What is the port number 306 this is the port number. So by defaultly the MySQL is getting okay. So you don't want to worry about uh attaining the port number explicitly. So MySQL is getting this port number by default. You don't want to worry about anything. Just click next next. So automatically your installation is getting finished. But the thing is think about it's not MySQL it might be my HR application or it might be some other application. Every application if you are running the application is associated with what is that some port number. Okay. I think Saraki is talking about so what does MySQL server contain? Yes. All client and server all are included. Correct. You can get server software and we can get client software also in your machine itself. For training purpose we are installing both server software and client software both. Is it clear s? Okay. So once you done the installation so your server is running or not how can you check it out the next question is what is that one so the next question how can you verify so whether the server is running or So that is the complex question right everybody will have in mind how can you verify whether the server is running or not. So for that one so we have to go to the services. So in Windows if you are running any application right so that application is running as a service. For example, if I'm running some MySQL, so MySQL is running as a service. You can go to the services. So look at my services. See what is this nonsense. So there are so many services are listed here. The reason is in my machine by defaultly there are some windows services are running along with that one. So there are some applications are all installed. So adab acrobat this one is for PDF opening PDF files right. So that service is running. Yes. Similar way my MySQL software is also one service. Please remember MySQL is also what is that one? So one service. So just type M and we can see so MySQL 80 here. Look at this. All of you can find the service name during the installation. So I notified what is the service name it is taking MySQL 80 by default because we installed so MySQL 8.0 version by default the service name is taking as what is that one? of the MySQL 80. So we can just keep the service name as it is and we done installation. The same service name is getting reflected here. So try to understand and also what is the status? Of course it is running. Running means by default whenever I machine I'm starting my machine right by defaultly the server is getting started. So could you please check all of you in Windows services all of you can able to find this MySQL 80 service those who installed MySQL in your machines and like this message all of you can able to find. So MySQL 80 service is running. Where did you where did how did you uh open this services? Uh yes I understand. So again I am showing. So please look into this one. So go to search box in Windows and just type services. So we can see all the services and in the services you just click on any service type M. M means what? So I need to display only the services which are related to MySQL. That means M which is starting with M. So we can see so the MySQL 80 service which is running already and just explore try to understand the how the Windows machine is working. What are the other applications are running and all those stuff. So please like that message you can able to identify the MySQL 80 service is running or not. So I'm suggesting so this MySQL service is running or not. So it is running. So the next step is what is that one? So check it. So the client tool what is the client tool? So MySQL workbench. So look at this. There are so many client tools are available right? What are the client tools are available? What are the tools available to connect to the server? MySQL workbench. So the MySQL workbench. So click on that MySQL workbench. You are getting the screen right. You're getting the screen. So I am just uh expecting. So all of you please open that MySQL workbench and like that message. Then only I can able to understand. All of you can able to find that one otherwise I cannot identify. Please do that step and like that message. So still we are not connected. So we have to connect to the server. So how to connect to the server? Can you please tell me anyone? Can you please post it in the chat? What is the and which port number server is running? And which port number server is running? 3 06. Correct. Right. See here already some MySQL connection is available here. Can you please tell me another question I'm asking the server is running in my machine or remote server? Remote machine. Remote means some other location server is running or in my machine itself it is ser running my machine itself not remote s correct right if you are accessing so simply learn lab so good question what is the difference between remote and local if you are accessing simply learn lab right maybe might be the simply learn server is located in USA the labs server you are connecting from MySQL client to what is that one from workbench we are connecting to so the simply learn server but here we are installing locally so that means in your in my machine itself so server is present so you can just double click on so this mysql connections local host it is asking so the password what is the password I provided what is the common password I suggested root. So click okay. So that's all. So you are successfully connected. Yes. Almost. If server is running means what? So you are successfully connected to that machine. Others here it is populating. So connect to in the MySQL connections. It is just showing so local instance. Just double click on that one. And what is the password? We have to provide it here. What is the password? So root right? So click okay. That's all. But by default it is showing administration and schemas. If you want to see what are the databases present in your environment that means in your database environment. So you can just look here we can see so the banking DB employs all these databases right? So like that no you have only three schemas will be there might be HR CIS and secil. So in companies do we use same MySQL 80 for coding? Good question right? So in companies you are asking me so to you so same MySQL means no there are different tools are there you must be that's why I'm explaining right. uh client tool is different, server is different. So the tool there are several tools are available. So just I'm naming here some of the tools. So might be you can expect if you are working in SQL environment. So SQL developer is one of the popular tool and also toad but most of the people are using so the SQL developer and MySQL workbench what is that one so MySQL workbench but all the tools are having similar options if you're asking me these tools are very simple right so only we can connect and After that these tools are providing options for you to write the SQL query and execute the SQL query. Okay. So no worries. These tools are very easy to use it. How you are using Microsoft Word? How you are using Microsoft SQL in the similar way? We can use these tools. No worries at all. So writing SQL query is difficult. Writing using the tool it's not a problem, right? It's not a big deal. Yeah. Yes. the procedures will be almost same. Uh it's based upon the tool. Okay. So I cannot say like you can easily mingle with the tool. That's what I'm saying. If you know if you you're having knowledge of using so what document how to format what document how to increase size and all right so if you are having that knowledge that is sufficient to use this tool that's what I'm trying to tell you. Is it clear all of you? Yeah. See, look at this. Once you are getting so connected to the database server, right? So, first step is what is that one? So, we have to create databases. Just give me a second. So I'm deleting all these databases which are already present. These are all created by me previously. So employee don't delete any database from your end. So these are all created by me. So for the previous sessions or something. So drop these databases. So I can see like most of the people these are all the default databases which we are getting correct. So these are the default databases which we are getting. Yes. So preach ready. So you are asking uh how to reset the database. there is a procedure will be there but I cannot discuss here it will take 1 hour so it's a complex process okay so that's why I'm requesting so if you want documentation or anything I will share you the link if you want to reset the password you can raise the ticket also no problem but in the session if you want to teach how to reset the password it will take more time actually you need to troubleshoot where exactly you are facing problem is it here. So if you want so the same procedure I will tell you okay what are the steps you have to follow and all. So we have so three databases like HR, Secula and also CIS. If you want to create so another database for example so managing employees details. So how can you create the databases? You just right click here you can just click on so create schema. That is one step correct or otherwise. So go to here SQL tab here. So if you are clicking so SQL tab so you are getting so this uh SQL file right here I'm specifying so create database. So database name. So what is the database name? HR DB per suppose HR DB or otherwise we can say HR database. So this is the query which is mainly for creating a database. So if you want to execute this query, how can we execute this query? So you just click on so this uh look at this first select this query and click on what is that one? this option execute the select portion of the script or otherwise we can keep the cursor in the same line you just keep the cursor in the same line and you can click on this one so execute the statements under the keyboard cursor so I'm preferring so first select the query and execute that query so look at this database is created right in the bottom H yeah observe my mouse cursor in the bottom we can able to see create database HR database it is created or not it is in green color so we can refresh so observe my mouse cursor mouse pointer if I'm clicking refresh I can able to see one database right what is the database HR database So I'm just sharing this query in the chart. So HR is by default present. I am provided my name as HR database like that. So different name I am providing it in the chart. So please check it out whether you can able to create the database or not. So if you want to open this SQL file right. So how to open If you want to open this SQL editor. So we can open we can just click on what is that one. So this new file. So automatically this one will this will open the editor actually. So this will open the editor. Is it clear? So please create any database for suppose employee database or HR database. All of you please create two databases and let me know. Okay. So let's start with the discussion. So I'm just connecting to the MySQL server. So how can you know so whether the MySQL service is running or not? So just go to the services. I'm just checking so my MySQL service is running or not. How can I check it? So just I'm typing so services. So in the services we can see so many services are running. So especially I'm looking for the MySQL service. Just type M. If you are typing M you can able to find this service right? Could you please check it in your machine also? whether the MySQL service is running or not. Of course, in my machine it is running. You can see the status. It is stating like it is running. So if it is running means what the server is ready during the startup whenever we are installing. So yesterday we installed the server and after that so we are restarting the machine. So the server is started automatically. So we don't want to worry about restarting the server and everything. So now the server is running. So what we have to do? So we have to connect to the server. So for that one, so we need one client tool, right? What is the client tool we are using? So the MySQL workbench. So this is a client tool. There are several tools are available. I'm not talking about. So only this one is the client tool right. So there are MySQL command prompt is available and also as well as MySQL workbench is available. So there are several tools are available just establish a connection with the server. So from this client tool if I'm speaking what is the client tool actually I'm expecting responses from you yesterday already I discussed right? What is the client tool? What is this MySQL workbench? What is the purpose of MySQL workbench? I am expecting responses from you. Please type it in the chat. What is the purpose of MySQL workbench? Very good, Nikita. To communicate with server, right? We have server running in my machine itself. Yes, server is capable of processing. What is that one? So all the details, right? Whatever the queries we are giving okay so all the queries will be taken care by the server my data also will be stored in the but what I have to do I have to interact I have to communicate with the server yes it's a engine which is capable of processing your SQL queries and all right so if I'm giving any query what happens the query will be executed by the server itself. This is just a client tool. It's an user interface. So from this user interface, we can able to write the queries and send the queries. But I want to connect to that server. Can you please tell me what are the things required for connecting to the server? I think we heard about port number correct and which port number. So the MySQL server is running. Anyone could you please guess it 306 correct? 306. Yeah. So just establish a connection with the server. So you just double click on this MySQL connections which are already present. I am going fast might be. So I'm just decreasing my pace. I understand if I'm just double clicking on this MySQL connections automatically it is establishing a connection with what is the service MySQL at the rate of localhost 306. You can look at the service here. This is trying to establish a connection with the MySQL service which is running on what is the port number. So 306 yeah S yes S yes S yes S yes S yes S yes S yes S yes S yes S yess we will move so I am just uh specifying what is that one so root password so root is the password I just connected to the database so now we have so so many databases I'm just removing whatever the databases that are present Okay, how to remove the databases? You just right click on whatever the database you created and we can able to see all the options, right which are related to the database. I'm just deleting the database. So, drop schema. Drop schema means what? So, it is deleting whatever the databases whatever the database you selected it is dropping the database. So now we have to create a new database for suppose. So let's create a new database. So for that one we are using SQL right. So can you please tell me what is SQL? Most of the people don't know we are new to this SQL. So SQL stands for what is that one? So structured query language I'm just maximizing this one. SQL stands for what? Structured. So query language. So by using SQL so we can able to perform so different types of operations. So what are the different types of operations we can able to perform? So based upon the operations right so this SQL also can be divided into what is that one so some other languages so I think Maria you are advanced learner might be uh just bear with me because most of the learners will be you know uh if I'm going fast right what happens means if I am not recapping whatever the contents which are already present yesterday discussed yesterday most of the people are missing the connectivity okay that is the problem no worries okay so we'll try to manage what is that one so all the entire cohort right so SQL stands for what is that one so structured query language what is the structured query language can you please tell me it might you are already in your academics you written some programs but suppose you are having a file text file if you want to manipulate the file how many lines of code you have to write it for example I'm having a text file which contains the employee data if you want to insert data or delete data how many how many lines of code you have to write for example in C language maybe most of the people are go gone through the C language in your academics long back. So please remember at least minimum 10 to 20 lines of code we have to write it. But what is the specialty of this SQL is with a single line of code with a single line of query we can able to perform what is that one so complex operations that's why this one we can call it as fifth generation language very very important thing please remember we don't want to write 20 lines of code everything will be getting abstracted abstracted in the sense You just write the query. For example, I want to retrieve the data from employee table. So you just write so select star from MP. We are just writing the simple query. Right? With the help of the simple query we can able to fetch the all the employee details. We can able to fetch all the employee details. That means what is the logic behind the scenes? We don't want to worry about what is that one. So writing 20 or 100 lines of code, So writing 20 or 100 lines of code like that. Could you please increase? We could see zoom a little bit. Yeah. So definitely I will do that one now. It is okay. Fine. I think Maria. Oh, okay. Great. So please give me the s that type of might be if you are not that content is not visible or If I want to write a simple SQL query right here I'm writing simple SQL query. So behind the scenes there is a script will be executed. The script is going to perform operations on the table. It is going to fetch all the records. But one good thing with this SQL is we are just writing two or three lines of script per suppose SQL script. With the help of the script we can able to perform some very complex operations. Complex operations in the sense might be fetching the data from the server or inserting the data, deleting the data or might be we are creating a new or we are dropping the database. Okay, all these operations we are going to perform through SQL. But how it is possible? How it is possible means all the database management system vendors. Can you please type it in the chat? Who are the database system vendors? That means who what are the companies that are providing database as a solution? Veracle. Okay. So the MySQL is open source DB2. DV2 is provided by IBM International Business Machines. So these companies already developed some scripts. We don't want to worry about what is that one. So writing some complex program to perform these operations of course. But uh if you want to work with SQL based upon the query we are writing might be all the situations I am not going to perform uh retrieval only right so based upon the operation I am performing these queries can be divided into different languages one is called as what is that one DDL so DDL stands for so data definition language So data definition language and also DML. DML stands for what? So data manipulation language and also we have so DRL so data retrieval language or this one we can call it as DQL also. So data retrieval language. So majorly so there are some other languages also we have might be whenever we are working as a database administrator right. So might be we have to set the permissions and all but the major these three languages we should know data definition language, data manipulation language and also data retrieval language. Okay, let's observe try to understand so what is exactly so data retrieval language if you are speaking about so data retrieval language sorry data definition language first we are talking about so DDL right so DDL stands for what data definition we need to understand the difference between so data and data definition what is that so data and data definition. You need to get some clarity about this one otherwise you don't know what operations we are performing on definition and what operations we are performing on so data. For example, let's assume that so we have an employee table. This employee table contains some fields, right? So employee number and also name and also address. So we have data employee number one and name is Subu and address so some Chennai for suppose and employee number is to James. So USA can you please tell me what is from this table? So try to understand what is data and what is metadata. I need to know about two terms. What is that one? So what is metadata and what is data? So if you are speaking about so the metadata right metadata deals with what is that one? So the struct schema so simply we can say so schema what is the structure of the particular table. Yes. So from the academics might be you know the definition of metadata. So it is nothing but data about data. Right. But in a practical point of view if you want to understand so what exactly metadata. So if you are taking employee table so this is the table name. So for example employee is the table name which contains what are the fields employee number of course whose type is integer type and name it's a vat type. So generally in the case of databases every column right what are the columns for this table employee number name and address. Employee number is integer type and name is workare and also the address is also what is the type? So ware type this is we can call it as metadata of course. So the table name and also followed by column names and what data type we are providing to that column and what constraint we are applying on that column. Constraint means what? So now you don't know about what is the constraint but uh again I will come back I will discuss about what is the constraint and all but uh here try to understand so where car means what is that one so string so now itself you can feel like uh var means what so simply a string I will discuss about what is the difference between so the car and ware okay but high Well, integer means all of you know integer means what? It is accepting. So, numeric values only without decimal point. So, name means what? It's a string which is a group of characters and address is also a string. If you are working with any programming language, there are different data types are available. In the similar way in the database terminology these data types will be represented as what is that one? So the var so int from database to database these data types will be different. Okay. I'm not saying I cannot say in MySQL also these are the data types whether these data types are same in other databases means that means in veracle also it will be same. No in var instead of integer so we are representing number instead of var we are representing vcare too so like that so don't worry about so remembering all these data types because nowadays nobody is relying on what is that one so data types and all syntaxes and all everything will be taken care by the AI tools okay only just we have to understand what is the concept So but try to understand. So what is data definition? Data definition if I'm simply saying practically data definition majorly deals with your schema. Schema is nothing but so the table name followed by the column names and its data types. And also additionally if you are applying some rules, additionally if you are applying some constraints or additionally you are applying any other components these are all comes under what is that the metadata but what is data here? Data is nothing but this is the data actually correct. So whatever the records present in this table. So this is called as what is that one? the data. Is it clear? So all of you understand. So what is the difference between data definition and uh data? Data definition majorly deals with the structure of a table. That means what is the table? What exactly what type of data it is allowing? Because if you are working with these databases right, MySQL and all these are all relational So these are all allowing structured records. Structured records means what? All the records present in this table. All the data present in this table must follow this metadata. Must follow this metadata which is nothing but every record must contain employee number, name and address. So that's what I'm trying to say. Miy again I will come back. So what is where care and what is the difference between so where care and care okay so no worries right now we can just try to understand high level. So based upon this one so you understand so data definition and data. So if you are talking about DDL right? So DDL stands for what? So data definition language. So here this DDL language is providing some keywords to perform operations on what is that one? So operations on schema per suppose if you want to perform any operations on schema then we can go with what is that one? So DDL schema means what? So the overall structure of your table if you want to perform any operations on overall structure of your table not with data that's what I'm saying please remember you are not working with data we are working with what is that one so data definition what type of operations generally we can be able to perform so if you are thinking we can create a table right so create and also alter here and also drop. So if you are observing these three keywords right so create alter and drop. So create means what? So what we can say we can create any database object correct. So create is mainly for what is that one? for creating any database object I'm not talking about so only table yesterday I already discussed what is database correct database is a collection of database objects database contains tables views synonyms clusters indexes so many things if you are creating any database object that might be either table or view or synonym whatever it may be correct right so for that one so we can use what is that one so this create is mainly for creating any database object it's not which is specific to the table that's what I'm trying to tell you and alter is mainly for so think yourself for example we are already having so a table for example. So if you want to add an extra column right, if you want add or drop a column or you want to change the data type of a column, okay, you want to change the data type of so column or you want to change the size of a You want to change the size of a column. So these are all comes under what is that one the alter alteration is nothing but what? So making some changes to the schema. We have already some schema already. Table is present or any object is present. For suppose might be uh that might be either table or stored procedure or function whatever it may be. If you want to make some alterations we can use this alter command. Alteration in the sense it's not creating so entire thing from very scratch. You just want to make the changes to the existing one. So that one comes under alteration. And finally, so the drop. So dropping is nothing but so dropping a table, right? So dropping a table. So dropping a table in the sense completely we are removing. So try to understand the terminology here. Mostly in the DDL only in the data definition language only we are using so this drop operation deleting data if you are deleting if you are working with data for suppose you are deleting one record as per that terminology we can call that one as delete but if you want to drop any object so try to understand from my voice also from my mouth also it is coming drop why I'm using the drop because I'm dropping an object entire object. So whenever we are dropping whenever we are removing entire object any database object from the database we can use this drop command. So we have another option also truncate but right now I'm not talking about truncates I will discuss please note it down that one. So whenever I'm discussing truncate at that time I will discuss. So we have another language called as what is that one? So data manipulation language. This is super important for you. So data manipulation language. So DML stands for what? So data manipulation language. So what exactly data manipulation language? So we are working with data. So that means insert. So update right inserting. So updating the data. just a second. So insert update. So delete. So these operations we are performing on data. It's not performing on schema. Yes. You are asking question. These operations are done on data. Yes, it's not on schema. Correct. Your thinking is correct. S. We are not going to work with the schema. we are going to work with what is that one? So the data whenever we are working with data right so most probably we are performing these type of operations what is that one so insert update and delete. So I hope all of you understand what is the difference between so the schema and what is data right. First we have to build a schema according to that one. So we have to insert the data right because whatever the data you are inserting so that uh follow certain rules. For example if you're taking so here we are inserting one record this is following valid that one. So certain schema. So we have so employee and also name and address. This employee number is of type what type? Integer type and employee name is string type and address is also so what is the type? So string type. So we need to make sure that whatever the data we are inserting so that would be bounded with the particular schema. So let's jump into the practical and we can create one first table first of all it's not a part of okay so our lab practice and all okay just we can for your understanding so I'm just creating the table once you are comfortable with creating table right I will share you one document so for creating table and all once you are getting comfortable with the concepts we have to do it on your own okay that is the requirement And all of you are ready. Can I jump into a practical part of creating a table? Okay. So let's jump into the so we can create one employee database first of all. So these queries are super important initial queries. See if you're asking me how many databases are there in my system. I just want to check what are the databases are present in my system. So it is showing four but I'm not looking here. I just going to SQL. I just want to write an SQL query to see how many databases are currently in my server. So you can make use of what is the command show databases. So the show databases every query should be ended with semicolon. So I just select this query and execute it. See in the result we can see all the databases right. It's more than four because we are not refreshed it seems. So we have so whenever we are issuing show databases uh let just a second I will zoom in zoom this one for this so the zoom option is I'm getting so Edit then the query editor. So appearance H. So font so any size will be there here. Reset grid that is okay but it is not showing any size here. So instead of that one so just ask charg or otherwise how to increase the size. Okay, instead of writing this one, just go to the Google. So, so go to charge GPT. So, we cannot find so the certain option right. So, you can always ask what is that one? So chargeability how to increase the so font size in MySQL workbench. So it is automatically giving the response right. So we follow the steps but suppose edit preferences under SQL editor change the font size and click okay. Method two. So result set grid adjust the font under result set grid it is saying. So the same options we choose go to edit. So preferences under the SQL editor. So you can just go to the query editor. So go to fonts and colors for suppose. What is the options under fonts and colors? Adjust the font under result set grid. So here so we specify so to home suppose 20 let's see so whether this one is getting so increased or not this one is not getting increased right go to preferences Yes. So, fonts and colors. No, you cannot zoom it in the touchpad. So, we cannot find any option. So, the zoom option here, right? You can find any option zoom option here. This one is just find option. It is not. So, the zoom option like that. Okay. Anyway, I'm sharing this uh query with you all of you. So, please follow this query. I will just try to increase. Oh, just give me a second. Okay, don't be hurry for anything. Yes, definitely I will do that one. So, just wait. So, instead of that one, so let's make my differences here. Okay. So result grid the suggested right that is for result grid and SQL editor also I'm just increasing so the size for suppose the 30 let's close this once and reopen the editor so now it is coming so properly right it is visible now all of you yeah so show database as see it is providing intelligence also if I'm clicking so show show databases so that automatically it is getting populated if I'm selecting this query and I'm executing it is displaying so all the databases for me HR HR database and all so this is the query which is mainly for what is that one so displaying all the so if you want to write any comment line. So command line means what? So or suppose if you want to write any command lines you can use hyphen right not hash actually. So iPhone so display all databases. Okay. So like this. So this is the actual query which is mainly for displaying all the databases. Little bit I'm decreasing because it is very difficult to perform operations. I'm just going to so same preferences and I'm just decreasing. So the size in SQL editor. So 30 I provided. I'm just making it as 20. So let's make it comfortable. So now it is fine. And otherwise so you can just open. So the fresh one. So go to SQL. So now it is fine. So show it is visible. Right? Now it is comfortable for you and all of you. So now I want to create what is that one? So HR database for suppose or otherwise some employee database. How can I create it? So create a database so called employees or otherwise employee DB. What is the query? So just a simple query is create database. So what is that query name? So the employee DB while providing the database name right. So don't give any spaces right. So just provide the database name that's all. So just I'm providing so employee DB. Don't provide any spaces or anything. If you want to specify underscore that is fine. Just I'm selecting this query and I'm executing this query. How can you know whether this query is executed successfully or not? In the output we can see in the last one observe my mouse pointer in the output we can see last one so create database employee DB it is green color green color means what was successful for example if I'm missing semicolon so if I'm trying to execute this query so then what happens it is giving error so it is showing red color red color means what so What does it mean? So the database is not created. So of course already it is created. Okay. So always your query should be ended with what is that one? So the semicolon. So all of you please create. So this employee DB quickly and after that so we will try to understand. So what is table and all. So once you created employee DB so you can just put done message in the So in show DB why extra DBs are showing? So extra DBS means might be you can able to see the secular database and also CIS database and HR database right three databases by default we are getting these databases by default provided by the MySQL for you if you're asking me what is SIS database means is a system level database that means even if you are creating a table here employee if even if you are creating What about the metadata for this employee DB? This employee DB metadata also will be stored in system databases, system tables. In system database, there are many tables we have. If you are looking here, there are CIS config table, right? So internally whatever the objects you are creating that may be either database or table or synonym or function all those information will be maintained in this system database and these two databases right HR database and also Shakila database these two two databases will be provided okay these two databases will be provided for your practice purpose that means this is we can we and call it a sample data set with the help of sample data set uh we can able to uh perform operations right but we are going with the simply learn data set what it is provided and also my customized data set whatever the topic I'm explaining that's why we don't want to…

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