SQL Full Course 2026 [FREE] | SQL Tutorial For Beginners 2026 | Advanced SQL Course | Simplilearn

Every time you log into an app, book a ticket, make an online payment, search for a product or check your order status, data is being stored, updated and also retrieved from a database. But this data does not manage itself. We need a language that can create tables, insert records, update information, filter results, and connect data from different sources. And that is where SQL comes in. Welcome to the SQL certification full course by simply learn. In this course, we'll be starting from the basics and understand what data databases are, DBMS and RDBMS means. And then we'll learn how SQL is used to create databases, manage tables, apply constants, retrieve records, filter data, sort results, group information, and work with real world data sets. Now, let's quickly look at what we'll be covering today's course. First, we'll begin with the fundamentals of databases where you will understand what data is, how databases work, and why SQL is so important. Next, we'll learn about SQL commands, including DDL, DML, DQL, TCL, DCL, and understand where each command is used. Then, we'll move into creating databases and tables where you will learn how to define columns, data type, and table structures. And after that we'll also cover constants like primary key, foreign key, null, default and check which will help maintain accuracy and relationships in the database. Next we'll focus on select queries where you will be learning how to retrieve data, filter records, remove duplicates, sort results and use conditions. Then we'll explore group by and having which are used to group data and filter grouped results for reports and analysis. And after that we'll also understand joins including inner join, left join, right join, outer join, self join, combine data from multiple tables. We'll also cover subqueries where one query is written inside another query to solve more advanced SQL problems. Then we'll learn about transactions including commit, roll back, understand how changes are saved or undone safely. And after that we'll be discussing user permissions where you will be learning how to grant and revoke help control database access. We'll also cover views which are virtual tables used to simplify queries and hide sensitive information. We'll move into stored procedures where multiple SQL statements can be saved and executed together. And finally, we'll be exploring advanced SQL concepts like variables, loop, cursors, and select into which will help write more powerful SQL logic. And by the end of this course, you'll be understanding how SQL works, how databases are structured, and how to write queries to manage and analyze data confidently. So, let's get started. Also, if you're looking to build a career in data analytics and generative AI, this program is a great place to start with. Simply learns professional certificate course in data analytics and generative AI in collaboration with AISE Academy, IT Kpur will help you learn key skills like Excel, SQL, Python, R, Tableau, PowerBI, Prompt engineering, Chad GPD. Now, the program is delivered through live online classes, IT Kpool, faculty master classes, hands-on lab, 215 plus exercises and industry projects. We'll also be working on 20 plus tools and earn a program completion certificate from ENIT Academy IT Kpur along with official Microsoft Azure data fundamentals badge and with jobless support practical projects and beginner friendly learning. This course is suitable for students, working professionals and anybody who wants to move into data analytics, business intelligence or AI powered analytic roles. Check the course link in the description below and in the pin comments to know more. Now before we get started, here's a quick quiz question for you. Which SQL command is used to retrieve data from a database table? Insert, update, select or delete? Let me know your answers in the comment section below. So without any further ado, let's get started. So guys, here today's agenda is this one there. So already some notes is there now. But anyhow, I'll explain it clearly. Don't worry about that. I'm not going to read anything here that. So okay, while even if I'm having the sentences, everything I'll explain it right now. Okay. So introduction to database is first thing. So some basics of actually we have to know what is a database. Uh why we go for the database these all things. Then afterwards we'll have some concepts of MySQL, what is MySQL, the environment of MySQL, how to install MySQL. These all things we'll come to know here. Okay, that is yeah guys see there the first of all the thing is right now here so what is a data what is a process what is an information what is data what is process and what is information first of all we have to know about these three points here what is data so what is process and what is an information that see why Because in the guys that here if you are going to start any task if you are going to start any task or something that so these three steps are very important and it is mandatory by knowing or unknowing it doesn't matter that whether you know or whether not to know that every process will go for with these three steps only data process information. So what is data here? Let's see that a data nothing but just it's a collection of raw material or collection of facts and figures something we say that so which means that there is no meaning for the data it's a raw facts and figures raw material is not having any meaning for that with the help of that raw facts with the help of that raw facts or raw material we have to go for some work on it we have to go for some work on it here. Now that work we call it as a process. The work we call it as a process that after completion of process after completion of process again whatever the data we get again whatever the data we get uh that will be called as information that will be called as a information that so here the best in a generic way in a in a generic in a generalized a simple example is right now there constructing a house Constructing a house becomes we can call it as an these three things. What is that? What is the data for constructing house the material what you gather? So to construct a house what is that material initially? What is the material we gather for that? First of all there should be a place then now sand, cement, bricks and all whatever the material we gather to construct the walls that everything we can call it as a okay like what you can say raw material or also even you go for iron steel also we gather that is by mixing of these all things we construct walls. The constructing walls is not going to be taken randomly that there should be a process for that. That means there is a plan to construct a house. According to that plan the walls will be constructed or else the pillars will be uh like constructed and all that everything we'll call it as a process. That everything we'll call it as a process. How we are doing that processing? By using raw material that nothing but a data. So once that process is completed that means so a beautiful house will be constructed. So that constructed house is called as an information that constructed house is called as information. So this is the generalized example. Okay. And when you coming to the IT sector when you are coming to the IT sector like this like guys you take in any industry the same thing will happen. You go for working with the speaking language working with the speaking language. speaking language it might be an English or Hindi or any native languages local languages Telugu or Hindi I'm a Telugu person actually okay I'm a Hyderabadi Telugu person so that uh Hindi Telu English any like Canada Tamil like whatever the speaking languages are there first what you have to learn in the sense now you have to learn some alphabets of that speaking language so that alphabets everything called as a here data you can call So after learning of alphabets what we learn in the sense of collection of vocabulary we learn some words. So after learning of words now we have some set of words is there. Now we have to construct a sentences. So if you want to construct a sentences using that words. So definitely you must aware of grammar. Without grammar you can't construct a sentence in any speaking language whether it might be English or Hindi or Telugu or Tamil or something blah blah. Once the constructor you are able to uh you are you constructed a sentence that's called as a a meaningful information is there within that the processor data same thing whenever you come to the IT sector see the computer performs any task for us but the computer cannot performs any task for us without telling to the computer by the human being if you're not saying anything to the computer won't perform anything suppose I switch on the computer and I got a desktop then if I sit I ideal can will it be done anything for us what what you are expecting from the computer no it's not possible computer is a very clever machine but when when you instruct to the computer then computer can perform that but computer cannot be performed anything by its own by its own That remember that point. What'sa we're writing something on screen. You want to say anything? Don't draw anything on screen and all that guys. Until and unless if you have a query, please send the query in a chat box please guys. Yeah. Thank you. So that is what here now. So we whenever you want to perform anything in the computer first of all you have to say to the computer please perform this task please perform this task. That is one thing. So that's called giving an input. That's called here. Now we have to provide an input and to the computer to that input we have to say that you process that input in a proper way that what we have given instruction the computer will give an output the computer will give an output. So in a generalized way data process information that when it coming to the IT sector that so there is there should be some input should be given to the computer the computer will be processed according to the instruction what we have given and based on that output will be given to us here okay this is what just going to be taken okay but uh in a computer sector that means in IT sector there are two parts of working one is learning the programming languages one is what here now learning programming languages guys I'm asking a simple question what we do with the help of learning programming languages I'm asking a question who knows the programming language knowledge what can we do after learning the programming languages suppose someone is saying that sir I know Python so what can we do with the help of Python after completion of learning process Not only Python we have a so many programming languages are there in IT sector like Java, Python.net like so much of programming languages are there. What can we give that one? Yeah, current jwani giving set of instruction to the computer. Okay, we have given set of instruction to the computer current but with that instructions what is the output you get? So giving instruction to the computer is fine that okay interacting with the computer is so the current answer and savvi answer is also correct but the thing you see uh you think in a high level way both of you I'm not wrong that I'm not saying it's a wrong answer it's correct answer perfectly correct that but in a high level way once you learn a programming language once you learn programming language then what do you do in the sense now we have to develop software We have to develop the software with the help of programming languages. We give instruction to the computer. You do this, you do this like that. Okay, that is fine. But doing that this task and that task and all that here. Now making softwares, making softwares that is sur also saying that one like communicating with the computer it helps us to develop the software and solve the problems. Yes, that's fine. Yeah, that is what so learning programming languages. So learning programming languages in the sense right nowadays whatever the softwares you are using in a real world than in a society and by the different different organizations suppose if you go to the bank you will see completely computerized banking software computerized banking the every employees working banking relevant software if you go to the hotel supermarkets or some other any shopping malls you are getting computerized bills that means the bills generating by the computer and print will be given to us. Let's see that is anywhere you go and if you go for any other organization they they are using the relevant softwares. So how those softwares will come to their organizations? Is it ready made available in the market to go and purchase that software and using into their their computers in the sense? No, it's not possible like that. Then what will happen in the sense those all softwares has to be developed by using some X programming languages. It might be a Java, it might be a net, it might be a Python or any other programming languages. That is one thing. So that uh learning programming languages used to develop applications or softwares applications or whatever that is softwares that that is one thing but one thing guys so while working with these softwares or applications suppose a banking people are working with banking software but this banking software is deals with the customer's information customer's data so where the data can stored securely and permanently. So that is what here now. So here we have to go for that database systems are used to store data. What mother is a securely? for mother securely and permanently okay permanently that is so these are the two things is going to participate in our daily IT sector activities okay so programming languages requirement is one and database systems are another one here both are interlin every software works with one database system every software works with the database system but database systems are invisible. Database systems are invisible. Here in our just listen guys see in this session we are going to be we are related to the database systems. We don't want to discuss anything about the programming languages. How the database systems are existed. What are their architectures and how data can be stored securely in database systems and how to use that data from the database systems in a different ways that everything we are going to discuss in our sessions. Guys, I hope that so my way of teaching phase is understanding by everyone right because it's the first session lo that's why I'm asking you that guys is everyone able to follow how I'm explaining that if anything there guys please post it on chat box okay queries yes fine So now you may ask one more question here. So now what is the point we concluded here? So there are uh like a two ways know dealing with IT sector. One is about the programming languages for developing the application. Second one is database systems where we store the data where we store the data here. Let's see that I have given a simple question and answer also regarding programming languages. What is a program? Now you guys has told that like giving set of instruction to the computer communicating with the computer that everything go for what is a program. So program is a set of instructions communicating to a computer how to perform a specific task that simply you can call as a a program but we can call it as a program that here okay that's about irrelevant as per this topic because we are not concerned about the programming languages. So then one more question guys here. So why should we store some part of data in the form of tables? Why should we write a time table in the form of table format only? Why can't we write a time table in the form of sentence? Suppose in a schooling uh in a school or college or in educational systems that uh so first hour some language so second Monday first hour language second hour English third hour mathematics or something that so why should we write in a form of time table that yes easy to understand to get data in a structured manner fine that is to store data in a proper success so that we can access easily when it is required. Yes. Yes. All answers are correct. That is because sometimes some data not every data some data we need to present in the form of table for easy accessibility. If it write if it is written in the form of sentence if it is written in the form of sentence. So obviously what happen you know until and unless you read that complete sentence what is the information is there that we can't understand. But uh when it coming to the table format by seeing its rows and columns by seeing what matters it's rows and columns you can easily understand what is the task has to be done or what is the action is there within that fine and see there why this table format I took here in the sense so our database system stores in the form of tables our database system stores in the form of data stores in the form of table okay that is one thing okay here so that's what just see there guys here now the same thing I have gone for that for easy representation accessing purpose table is used so database system uses the table format to store data so that now the continuation to this one data process information the next one we go for table so then you may come to know here sir to store data in the form of table to store data in the form of table. We have some software tools are there. We have some software tools guys. Anyone knows that where we can store data in the form of table? Any software tools? Do you know that guys? Guys, do you know any software tools where we can store data in the form of table? Except databases. Except databases. You are all giving data as MySQL or something not that I'm not expecting that one here except databases. Yes. Naven yes that is yes exactly yes MS access excel and all is there then here question arises what is that you know anyhow we have some uh software tools where we store data in the form of table where we store in the form of table some tools are there here excel is saying you are saying excel ms access fine exactly that only especially these two tools are the major tools that okay but Then why again we are going for database systems just now I told you that okay now so this is what okay so here why because in the sense of course so the current is saying something that's correct let's see that is so because of one thing that guys here so there are three reasons here now the very first one is file processing system so I think uh see there this we will take it file processing system will have the limitations will have the limitations. So to avoid that limitations so we should go for that uh databases we should go for that databases here. See then why database system this is so to overcome limitations of file processing system. So already you you guys has been given the answer the same points. See there here what are the limitations of file processing system. First of all limited data stories a file process a file an excel file or MS access file whatever it is there that Excel file MS access file always having some limitation to store the data but you think in a big manner. Think in a big manner in the sense of for example you take a bank you take a banking system suppose a bank having suppose you take a bank like ICIA bank is one bank this ICI bank having one lakh customer just assume that having one lakh customers so one lakh customers information has to store in a bank okay it has been stored these one lakh customers guys try to understand these one lakh customers is performing at least one transaction per day. At least one transaction per day. That means so the day one lakh transactions 30 days 30 lakhs transactions. 365 days 365 lakhs transactions. See there this entire data has to be stored. Is it possible to store this entire data in a in in a file kind of Excel or MS access? Is it allowed in the sense? No, it is not possible. It is not possible here. So that is one limitation of the file processing. The second one is here. Now security file processing is not files are not having secured systems. So I can protect that file with the help of password in the sense but of course you can protect the data with the passwords. Okay, that is one more. But the even the password in the sense you cannot open the file but I can delete that file. I can delete that file. I can rename That kind of activities you cannot uh uh stop that. So that no security that is one thing then data access is very difficult data for example let's see that I told you like I say bank one lakh customer's information is there that one from that one lakh customer's information one particular customer information I wanted to access based on account number or name or blah blah that is is it possible to get that using excel sheet in this of course it is possible I'm not saying it's not possible it is possible definitely it is possible but Takes time takes time that only getting an account details. Suppose if a person goes a particular candidate goes who is having account and he will ask one statement of their account sir get me that last 3 month statement of my account then he has to gather the information from different sheets and all that is very difficult. It becomes very very difficult that and here like Swagatika is saying that one duplicate data of course data might be going for duplications here. So these are the major three reasons to avoid the file processing systems in organizational data. Organizational data we are talking about organizational data. Listen carefully that organizational data. Okay? So that these all will overcome the database systems. These all overcomes what that is database systems that here now. Okay. See, so these are the limitations here. Now from that limitations, the database systems will overcome that. See, so what does that say? A database is a better for managing large data sets, complex data relationships or when multiple users need to access data, access and update data simultaneous. So this is the answer for this one. DB will provide full security of data, allow stores large amount of data, will provide a query language to access or manipulate data. So these are the three reasons for that we should use database systems for an organizational data. So don't think that is Excel is not useful. Of course Excel is not useful for the organizational data. Excel is useful for personal data management. For me for example myself is one person. I wanted to go for my all daily activities. So and I wanted to manage in in Excel sheet. It is perfectly suitable for me there. only one for me or my family like for you for your family or else a small scale organizations any small scale organizations is the Excel and MS access is useful perfectly useful but large scale data storage for organizations when that is I have given you only one lakh customers for IC bank but really is it is the bank having one lakh customers no some cr of customers is there or else you take another industry Take a social media accounts Instagram, Facebook is that Instagram details, Facebook account holders having the data in Excel way. So not at all possible that like education system, universities, school is limited but board, state board, central board, universities. So how much of data? See this is completely about the data guys. We are working on data completely. We are dealing with data that large amount of data. That is what we should go. Yes. Now come down to the what is a database. Now come down to the what is a database here. Yes. Let's see. No, in a general way what is a database in the sense of we can say that like this it is a collection of raw material or facts and figures organized in a structural format. What is the structural format here? Now table of an entity of an entity or else simply you can call it as it is in a collection of interrelated tables of an entity. It is a collection of interled tables of an entity. So like that uh we can say that is so the entity might be any school or any organization any form that a banking system school college or any insurance department a medical department medical department hospitals or else any like supermarket one medical stores whatever it is you can take that is that is called an entity here. So for that how the data will be stored. See that guys for that I have taken here now databases student sorry database school database I took here. Now I simply can and simply and roughly I just categorized like this basically school having students employees and transportation can transportation library these all different categories of school will be there. So when it come to the students what kind of information we store in the form of tables or something that is so now here these all you can consider guys here now these all are tables personal info class info attendance info exams info marks info fees info games and sports info like this is there if it is personal info then what will be the details we gather for that see there now registration number, student name, father name, gender, age is class admin. That means admission has been taken for the class location and what is the role number has been allocated for that student. Registration number is different from role number. Okay, that is one thing. Then when when he's joined to the class that then class details should come here. So role number, student name, class, which section he has been joined, attendance info, role number, student name, section, days working, days present and in the month of that month and year. Roth that is month and year you can say that is like you can have examination info, marks info, fees info, games and sports info like that relevantly student prospection and the same thing like uh we can go for employees prospection, biodata info of the employees, job info of the employees, salary info of the employees, salary info in the sense. So if you observe that as you know that your pay slips there is lot of information present on the pay slip basic pay net pay allowances deductions okay like loans or whatever it is there that is called salaries info paylip part then when it come to the library that books info is there members info issued books info like this so now I can call it these all tables I can call it these all tables comes under one particular school so school database I haven't written for all tables the column that attributes but one thing we so so this is what just we have to take down here so what can we do it method is suppose if a table is there so table is a collection of rows and columns collection of rows and columns that this we can also call it as sir what we what do we mean by data set we're asking about what is a data set right si yeah data set in the sense now so you can simply call it as a a collection of tables is called a data set okay now database is also called it as a data set here data set one particular table you can call that one. So you are saying that what is an entity. So yes, let's see the so whenever you wanted to have that yes guys these are the like what do you say that is welcoming questions here yeah see there as I told that one see an entity a simple definition part you can take down that here yes you see this on here. So it is see the real world object simply you can say the real world object that so as I told you that an entity nothing but a firm an organization any school or college or something that is okay here. So in a simple words they are saying a place is an entity, a person is an entity or a concept that is uniquely identifiable about which data is stored. Okay. Represented in the form of see represented as tables or rows in a what we can call that database. Entities are fundamental elements of entity relationship model. the characterized attributes same thing I about to tell here that table see that so here now so see that guys one thing if I'm saying a person you tell me that what are the attributes of a person having general in general you and me person in sense human being you and me are the persons that now tell me every human being having what are the attributes guys please let me know that yeah karan you and svi Tell me that what are the attributes? Yeah. to identify the name to identify the person name is there one gender kind of age and if it's a person educational qualifications living place living place and family details these all comes under a person details that in India if you pick up an other card of a person other card of a person the entire history of that person will come professionally or personally is it professional or personal that everything okay so that is that person is uniquely identifying in India with the help of other card every Indian citizen is identifying with an other card uniquely okay so whatever the attributes you have given that one the same thing has been explained here see that entities are fundamental elements so whenever you come down to the database here you see this one whenever you come to the database So I took that school database in a school database. Okay. Here now. So a database is also you can call it as an entities that is anything that so now see there we are having lot of different tables has been identified here. Now every table has got some attributes that is the attributes I have given here. So collection of attributes. So we'll call it as a one record. See here that is a so that is what I told you here a table is a collection of rows and columns okay so here rows can be called it as a here record also what that is record columns is called as a here attributes or properties no don't confuse that is okay that is one thing collection of attributes or collection of columns or collection of property properties will become a row or a record. a row or record we can say that is for example let's say that here guys so now let's see yes suppose I'm taking now role number is one column then student name is another column gender is another column age is another column location is another column like this we have. So now here uh so name of table you can say that let's say that uh uh student so this is one now here I'm giving some values that is here now okay gender male is some 23 location something like had or so here what are these things here now these all call it as what method what can we Call it these all here. We can call it that uh attributes. We can call right. These all are call it as what that attributes. Okay. That is one thing. Okay. Let it be. You can. It is not allowing. Okay. No worries. These all call it as what in the sense mother attributes we can call that and you see this one these all are what in the sense now these are actually attribute values those all call it as here record what method is record you can say that is this everything will be considered as one record or a row this is everything okay so that is one thing so here a role number is an attribute ute and its value is 1. Student name is an attribute and its value is ken. Okay. So, gender is an attribute and sorry, yeah, gender is male is its value. So, like that you will be getting here that is record or rows. Yeah, Chandra. Thank you. So now let's see that uh one second here. Yes, that is one thing. And here one more also we can go for that uh here uh this is called here record we can say that is yeah this is one entity that completely record one record or else we can also going for this is a row you can call that one what mother is row also you can call it that is like you have so much of student details we entered here so much of student details reserve we enter like this then okay like what we can call the reserve so like this we can go for it in this way that yes so like you can add it this so I hope everyone got it this one the differences between attributes and rows that so here one record of the student is an entity in this example yes k That's fine. Yeah. So guys, please let me know. So the differences between so what is an entity? What are the attributes? What are the records? I hope that everyone understood here. Guys, please give your answers. Please say yes or no. Even if you have any queries, please post it on the chat box. Guys, guys especially who are taking this session very first time so I'm expecting an more answers from uh here now please give your responses guys even if you have any queries please I got only hardly before below But we you guys are having almost 30 candidates in the session. Even you can give it your responses on this chat box. Is my session is going somewhat fast or slow or any phase is okay or something else? Yes. So now see it's a excel sheet so that we are directly creating a what we can call that so this kind of data table and all that is but uh we have to go for database systems whenever we go for the database systems guys here like see that so we have right now DBMS what is that DBMS is there see we know now what is the database we know now what is the database and different an example and its attributes blah blah something is there but how the databases can be created and how the databases can be worked and all that is yes there should be some software tools there should be some software tools are there okay within that software tools the very first one and very beginning level is right now there what you see in the sense so DBMS is there guys listen there this is what just you are having DBMS. So what is a DBMS here? A DBMS a database management system we can call that database management system is a software that manages databases acting as an interface for users and applications to create, store, organize, retrieve, update and secure data efficiently and consistently. handling large volumes and multiple users simultaneously. That is what a DBM is. There simply one thing might here now that the technical definition has been given there but in a simple words we can say that DBMS is the software tool for working with the databases. DBMS is the software tool for working with the databases. Within that working everything will come. What is that? So storing data, modifying data, removing data, retrieving data, lot of activities we do, lot of activities we do that is within that lot of activities. So more mainly four categories of actions are there. First one is creating, how to store that is one thing adding data you can say that one. Okay. The second one is very important one retrieval from huge amount of data. From huge amount of data whatever the data you need how to retrieve that data very quickly that is called reading reading retrieving data. The second one oftenly we perform the third one often we perform that how to modify data if required as far a students data for example my voice is bit low oh ward okay ward that is I think you check your volume that is because myself I'm speaking somewhat loudly only how about others Guys, check your volumes. Okay, check your volume mark because so I'm speaking loudly only that but anyhow I'll increase and he said no I'll increase that. So now here so simply you can say that one simply you can say what is a database in the sense method so it's a software tool it's a software tool to work with the databases within that working so like storing of data then what we can call retrieval of data modifying of data deleting of data the blah blah will go but on that blah blah the main categories are here now code. One is storing adding data to the table or adding data to the databases. That is one thing. The second one which is very important one retrieving data from the large amount of data. Let's say that a banking system having one lakh customers from that one lakh customers one customer information how to get quickly. This is what retrieval process for the retrieval process. So there is some kind of technique that is one more. Then the third one is here. Now suppose if a situation comes to modify the data. Suppose in a bank a customer wants to update their phone number or customer wants to update their address or something else. That is one thing. Suppose a customer wants to withdraw their account from that bank then deleting of that customer details from that bank deleting details these things will happen here. So that simply you can call it as here code operations. What is that here? Now code operations is there. So C stands for here create for storing. U stands for here now update. Then R stands for here now read or retrieval. Then D stands for here now delete. D stands for what? That is delete. Mainly we focus on this. These these are the operations that but these will be done in a different different ways. Okay. That is what okay. So now to work on these databases. So so there are some rules in DBMS 14 rules is there. DBMS consist of 14 rules to create and work with databases which has been defined by MF card. So that those rules are called as card rules. That is one thing but we are not going to discuss those rules guys. Theoretically practically only we discuss that is by taking one software tool. Okay, that is okay that is one thing just I'm forever information I'm just giving that 14 rules will exist that okay so that is one thing so what are the database software tools guys here now let's see have you heard about these names guys have you heard about these names dbase and fox pro anyone have you heard about those names h Yeah. So someone is saying yes that would be fine. Nice. Sounds good that. So if it is because you guys are saying no no yes that is because whenever the database systems are evaluated in the market in the past that 1980s or some '7s or something the very first database systems in the world is DBase. Then modified version of that database system is right now right there. PXP Pro is there. Those are the very fundamental very initial days of database systems. Those two software tools are now also available but no one is using that. Okay. Later on that we got Oracle, SQL Server, MySQL, Postgra SQL, DB2. There are so much of database software tools are there. Okay, that is so we are concerned with MySQL guys. We are concerned with my SQL. But before that guys listen we have a types of DBMSs is there. See DBNS has been evaluated kind of in the late 1970s or 80s that is exactly uh we don't need that exact year or something that is okay but right now we are in the 2026 we are in 2020 all about 50 years lifespan is there again even if you go for 1980 so that is 20 years this is again 26 or 45 years so this lifespan is there for these things but within this 45 years there is a lot of changes has came into the software industry so that the DBMS also has been uh modified in a different prospections and got renamed in a different ways and added some additional features to this in that prospection. Okay, here first modification first recognized modification of the DBMS is RDBMS relational database management system you can say that what is meant by that okay here so the relationship between tables relationship between tables for example you see this is the student table that would be fine here okay now I'm giving there here now marks table that okay in this marks table I'm giving uh what is that serial number is one column then exam is another column so then here now subject one marks then subject two marks then here total marks let's see that is whose marks it is I'm going to introduce here now a column called role number a column called role number that is and let me add two more students here Oh, yeah. Like this we have. So now serial number is one that then exam is for example let's say that quarterly some 45 and again 46 so okay now 46 that so 91 is the total so whose marks it is listen guys okay here the marks of the student is not going to be entered directly because already some students list is there so the role number should come here any one of these four that is my role that is my rule here. This marks for the uh what we can say that is 1,3 let's say that is so then second one quarterly okay now like 60 here again 60 some 120 is there this is 1,1 and you see this one guys for example so I'm just giving that right now so in this way so 130 is the answer Suppose if I give 10,00 is this role number is a valid is this role number is a valid here guys please tell me is the role number is a valid no so here this column this column should not accept the role number which is not present here since it is excel okay we are able to give okay but as for the database systems it should not Because so these two tables are not having a relationship but we have to maintain a relation between student table of role number column to marks table of role number column marks table of this role number column that is whenever we make a relationship between these two here. So here this only this value won't be allowed because whenever you are entering a value in this column that value will be referred into these four values. So when the when that value is present here then it allows here in that way we wanted to make a relationship but uh in a DBMS systems listen carefully guys in a pure DBMS systems so it is not possible. So that everything has to be taken care by has to be taken care by like user only that is user only. So when the DBMS rules 14 rules has been developed that relationship concept has not developed within this 14 rules that relationship concept is not there even if a situation comes that we have to maintain explicitly by the user itself. So under that these two softares will work. DBase and Fox Pro will work. That is DBase and Fox Pro will work. But later on that that necessity has been recognized and the relational process relationship process rules has been added to this DBMS. Then the name has been given for that RDBMS. Only one feature I explained here in Excel. Okay. relational regarding relational process that is the main feature that is the main feature and some other aspects also there so the name has been given to the RDBMS relational database management system in this relational database management system we got a concepts called primary key foreign key concept the foreign keys the concept has been introduced making relation between tables to avoid the inconsistent data or duplicate data or something Okay, that you will come to know while working on that. Okay, so that is the one here. Now RDBMS guys here now I will provide it that no worries. So swagatika so I'll provide it everything that is okay you will come to the sessions that no worries okay now just follow this one even if you want you can noted down the points okay no worries that okay but I'll give you everything from my side in a sessions that then one more is there guys here now like modern database management systems are there what is this modern database management system in the sense is it is perfectly suitable for a present trend. Okay, present trend that is how to communicate multiple databases which is located in a different servers. how to communicate multiple databases which is located on a different servers for example let's say that one more example I'll give you here uh yeah you take a banking system of multinational one suppose I say a bank is having in multiple countries multiple countries that is so how abroad customers will communicate into Indian branches or else how Indian customers are communicate with abroad branches Suppose if a person has been taken account in abroad they will maintain their own database system separately in their country Indian branches. So Indian customers having their own database systems in Indian branches only that is but having accounted same bank. So that might be have some transactions between one country to another country then how database systems will communicate for that one there is some kind of rules and rules has been developed which is called as like modern database management systems so just but as of now we don't require that just we are having that MDBMS process then one more very simple one that DBMS is there that is called here object object relational database management system. So I hope that some of the people who are having programming knowledge like object- oriented programming structure oops concepts is there which is purely comes under the programming languages that programming language concepts object to class something like we are having some kind of concepts are there so within that objecttoclass concepts has been implemented on DBMS which is called as object relational database management system with that we got some concepts is there partitions clusters some kind of concepts has been there into our uh what we can call software tools that is but one thing guys these two are occasionally uses occasionally uses that is our running DBMS is right now there here RDBMS so in RDBMS only like MDBMS will come, war DBMS will come. That is because of that uniqueness of that feature. So that for that one we got a separate name for MDBMS, we got separate name for W DBMS. There is no any separate tools for MDBMS or W DBMS here. Now every tool comes under the RDBMS only like we have SQL server, you have Oracle, we have MySQL, Postgress SQL, DB2 and all that is we will work on those things only. Okay. when that situation so how to communicate multiple databases which is located in different servers then the like what the MDBMS will come that is the situations that is when you are you wanted to pass data between one object sorry one database another database in the form of object then RDBMS concepts will come that so that is what so that apart that everything going for RDBMS everything going for here now RDBMS prospection only that is yeah so one thing one let's see okay so very simple thing that This is one database database here now. Okay. You take local itself now database of ICICI bank. Okay. And here now that is all customers info. Okay. That is one thing. Okay. Now you go here now one more. Uh so leave over that one here database. Okay. Like what we can call in the sense SBI bank guys. So all customers info. What is this one? This is the SBI bank database. This is the ICA bank database. So now all customers are having their account details over there. Guys, one point you see whenever you want to withdraw amount from ATMs by using our debit card, are you going to withdraw the amount by going to same ATM center, same bank ATM center? H tell me one year you also tell. Hm. No. Wherever we got ATM center, irrespective of the bank, we go to that ATM, we insert the card and we withdraw the amount. Okay. But how for example now I have ICA bank account but I'm withdrawing amount from the SBI bank. How SBI bank will come to know that? Okay. He is the ICA bank customer and the transaction has to come from the ICS bank not from the SBI then he will come to how it cost here. Yes. So here bankto bank communication will be there what that is bankto bank database communications will exist bankto bank communication will though you are doing transaction from the SBI bank ATM. Okay. But our transaction will happen only on the ICA bank. Same vice versa. Same vice versa that is. So now here this bank should access. So I bank your account details to here database one database. This is different server. This is a different server. This is different server and this is a different server. Database servers that. So how to get this different database server uh one customer details into here? Yes, there should be some rules for that. That rules has been defined in MDBMS. Yeah, inter exchange between the banks. Exactly. There are some rules has been defined. So here look that is a high level I told you. But in a database level so how to communicate one database to another database placed in different servers. placed in different servers that so what are the rules we should follow in DBMS prospection in what that is DBMS prospection those rules all comes under the MDBMS I hope you got my point right now yes that is what we Guys, anyone having any other queries, guys? Anyone having any other queries? Like you have that some kind of what is it? This is what introduction to a simple introduction to databases. There it comes. Right now guys, so what is a MySQL? because we are concerned with the MySQL because we have so much of software tools are there SQL server MySQL something that is here what is a MySQL what is MySQL simple thing guys so it's one of the database system so that again no need to repeat everything it is one of the RDBMS database tool RDBMS database software tool you can write on that software tool you can say that is here. The current version of this one 8.0 Zero is there eight is there now and one thing guys you have to remember any database system you took either Oracle or SQL server or MySQL or anything that there are two parts there are two parts is there one part is SQL part one part is SQL part second part is programming that is a TSQL part names might be different in other software tools but there should be a programming also inside the database Okay, that is one thing you have to keep in mind. That is one thing you have to keep in mind. That is so that SQL all the commands will be there. TSQL transacts SQL programming part will come. First we'll continue with this. SQL and one more thing that this SQL is a common to every software tools whether you go for veracular SQL server post SQL or DB or even you go from the DBS Fox Pro also it is common might be having some little syntax differences between one software to another software that two 90% same syntaxes only 10% cases will have the syntax difference that's it why you know that this is the reason you see this what is SQL links see it is a universal language for databases why it become a universal language for database systems in the sense of initially it was developed by ANC company but they could not able to develop the environment for it so that that SQL was started selling to whoever wants that. Okay. So that is but in the olden days where it was working in the sensor at command prompt per minute at command prompt that okay in that way it goes there. So SQL was using at command prompt later on and developed go environments for different companies. So actually it was developed by ANC. It was developed by ANC but nowadays so it is using no but nowadays ANC's company not using the SQL because they have been sold to different first that has been sold to Oracle. Oracle has been take over the has been taken that SQL and for that they added environment they have added programming part and all and they released as a Oracle. Then they took that Microsoft people then it has been developed surrounded to that and developed one product called SQL server SQL server that later on that like MySQL postgq even for all suppose for example you have a thought sir I want to develop my own SQL yes you can develop get the like license from the ANC company about that SQL then you get your own environment and you add your additional features for and you can release yourself one SQL tool like that in so SQL is full of commands. SQL is full of commands that okay how those commands will come and all will be coming into this one here. Yes guys, these are the five types of commands you have in SQL. Now we'll come to know the commands. So how the commands will go for here? How the commands will go? So there are five categories of commands is there. Data definition language DDL commands are there. So these commands are used to define new structures of database as well as modify and deletion delete structures. The commands are three create to alter drop. Just listen the words while explaining the these commands I'll clearly tell that what is the data definition, what is the data manipulation and all that. Okay, that is then data manipulation language commands are there here. These commands are used to add new rows to the table as well as modify, delete rows from table. Insert, update, delete is there. Data retrieval prospection only one command is there. Select retrieving data. Then a transaction control language commands are there. Commit and roll back commands we have that. Okay, that is then data control language commands are there. So giving permissions, withdrawing permissions between databases and all that. So grant and revoke will come there like we have totally five types of commands and commands are there here. Now 3 3 6 7 9 11 commands are there. If you talk about these 11 commands our SQL will finish. Okay. But these 11 commands has got a different topics when it coming inside of that MySQL. So topic wise the commands has to be discussed. Topic wise commands has to be discussed here that is okay. So then we'll come to know first we have to start from here. Okay that is but before that we have to see the environment of MySQL part. Okay, these are the commands part we entered. But we go here now environment and all that is. So the very first query what should be right here and how that is in the sense first of all we have to create one database. So from here you will be getting that uh you see there here now what is a database? What is a database? See then as for MySQL collection of objects as an uh an object is a data item. An object is data item in database. What are that data items in the sense table, views, procedures, functions, indexes, triggers, these all will come into that. These are the discussible topics we are going to discuss in upcoming sessions that. So that first we have to create here database. So how to create a database? How to create a database? This is the command we have to go for that from DDL create command has to use create database database name create whatma that is database database name any database. So just we can take down here. Let's see that guys how I'm writing here guys please follow that. So I'm taking now create space database space Feb 2026 DB I'm writing now and put semicolon at last okay every query ends with semicolon here and one more thing guys here you have to select that command that entire command has to be selected once it is selected you go this button button is there. Flash symbol button is there. Okay, see there now the first button the three buttons is there. Folder, save and third button. This button is there. This button you just click on it. So once you click on that button on the bottom side you will get one message and green color tick mark that means that database has been created that command has been executed successfully. Okay, that is the confirmation we got it here. Now where can I see that database in the sense guys? So I hope everyone is seeing here administration in the right left side panel administration you are seeing a everyone okay everyone seeing this administration beside of that only one arrow mark will be there see there arrow mark is there here one arrow mark you click on this arrow mark so that what will happen you see that you will be shifting into the schema section You will be shifting into the schema section left side arrow mark is there. If you click that administration, if you go to here, this one schemas. Once you get this schemas here, you have some schema sys is there. Below of the sis, below of the sys, right click on it, right click on it. Go for refresh. Whenever you go for refresh, the database what you created will make visible here. We'll make visible. Do it that guys. Right now do it that guys. So first what should we do? Ma you go for type the command create database database name. Any name you can give. I have given Feb 2026 DB. You give any name test DB, demo DB, okay, self DB, anything that you can give it. I have given monthwise. So after writing that you have to select that entire command and go for clicking on this button guys you see there so you see my mouse finder where I'm clicking I already clicked this click on that you get confirmation once it is done here actually you guys are having like administration the right arrow button is there you click on this right arrow button you'll get like this and here sis This database will be there. So below of that right click on it and refresh the database what you created that will visible here. Guys please confirm that how many of you succeeded? Please confirm that how many of you succeeded that? Is everyone visible? That is yes. Yes. Still anyone having any issues? Chandra Prakash what happened to you? Just let me know. Is are you facing any issue? Yeah, please share your screen guys. It's a first day. Please be patients. So once we settled on this environment then we will keep on uh working on the commands. Yeah we already you already did that. Okay. So can you uh decrease the screens zooming? Can you decrease the screen zooming? Screen zoom. No. No. Maximize it first. Maximize it. Maximize. Yeah, it's not getting maximize. So, go for control minus on your keyboard. Control minus on your keyboard. Hold on the control key. Click on the minus button. Control- hyphen button on your keyboard. You do it that. Control minus Chundra Praash on your keyboard hold on the control key and click on the hyphen Hyphen button so that your screen zooming will decrease. Uh okay wait okay okay don't do anything just wait. Now there you are seeing administration. No, in the left side uh then click on that arrow button. Uh right click on white area. White area not that one in the below sis below. Below of the sys yeah refresh. Yes you got the that is keep like this on your screen. Okay stop sharing now you got it. Yeah guys we got it. This is so now you create one more database you create one more database now I'm also doing that guys create database test DB like this you create one more database and executed create one more database and execute it what is that create a database This is the command or fabric it's not an attribute here database name one I shown you know that see there it is a database name see create database the database should be identified with one name database name okay that is the name of database should be given I hope you got it right now so you Create another database. Go for refresh once again. So two databases has to show like this on your systems, right? Yeah. Now try to understand guys. I created two databases. You also created two databases here. Now you have to decide that on which database you have to work. Now you have to decide that which database you have to work here. You have to choose that is so how to choose that on which database you have to work in the sales guys one more command I'm introducing right now here use see how to change from one database to another database use DB name use DB name will be there here that is one thing so I'm doing like this what is that say suppose if I want to work with the first user feb 2026 DB should go and select that command. Select that command and uh click on execute button. So that you see there that database has been highlighted here and has been released like this tables, views, stored procedures and functions. No sir, I don't want work with that. I want test DB. So once again use test DB. Okay. Then click on this one. See test DB has been released. Now see two has been released. But see the highlighted part. Test DB is in highlighted part. That means you are working with test DB. Which means that now if you create any tables, views, procedures or blah blah whatever it is that everything will be stored in this test DB database. Now sir I want to work with the FB DB. Okay. Select that and execute here. This will be highlighted. Now you create any tables, views, indexes, procedures or something. Everything will go on store on into in this database. So now my point is here use command is meant for uh what we can changing between one database to another Databases are fixed once the database has been created that is permanent that is permanent here. But so if you are having multiple even one database also if you have that one first the every day when you enter into MySQL first you have to use use command use the database which database you want to work. So then within that tables views and all everything we have to work on it. So everyone is seeing the same results use command everyone seeing the same results guys. Hope everyone. Yes guys, fine it is. So now what next? So what is the next thing we are to do it here? What next? In the sense obviously in the database actual data will be stored. Listen guys here now actual actual data will be stored in tables. Actual data will be stored in tables that. So now here we have to know how to create a table. We have to know here how to create a table. Let's see that how the table will be created. Let's have now some explanation of the create table command. Okay, let's see there guys. Right now there see there next point here now how to create a table. So for a create a table we have to go for that create a table. Table name is what here? Now any table name should be given. Sorry create table create command. So it's a database. So that to create a database we said and here a table create table then any table name you have to give then you have to open the bracket round bracket has to open. Then within the table the columns list has to mentioned. See guys when coming to this Excel sheet the today morning see role number is one column name. Student name is one column name. Gender is one column name. A is one column name. Location is one column name like this. So we have now some columns. But whenever you come down to this column all the numbers we are entering. Whenever you go for this one names we entering. Whenever we go for gender again text has been entered is this is numbers again location text like this if you have a birth date date values okay birth time time values something will have like this so when it coming to here see there first you need to mention the column name and it's a data type has to mentioned that means what type of data you are entering into that I'll tell What are the data types having in MySQL? Then one more is there here constraints. Guys remember that some of the things I'm enclosing within anchor brackets and here I'm enclosing square bracket. Square bracket in the sense this part is optional. If required we can use if not required we can avoid. But whatever I enclosed within anchor brackets that must be given that must be used. You can't avoid it. That is the meaning. So now here column table name has to be mentioned. Then list of column names has to be mentioned. Along with that the data type also has to be mentioned. like this all the list of columns whatever you want you mention it and you opened a bracket here round parentheses go for closing of that and put with semicolon okay anyhow we write right now but what are the data types are existed yes we'll come to know here the data types see them these are the different data types existed in database So there is one data type called int is there. What is int here? If it is int on that column all whole numbers will be entered. Whole numbers that means like numbers 1,00 1 1,000 to 1 2 3 minus values - 10 - 20 that mean the number which is not having decimal that's it that is then float. What is a float here? All decimal values numbers can be entered 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 10.5 something like that. Then how can I enter the text? So text car is there of string that will be called as string with fixed length. String in the sense some alphabets that collection of alphabets and all that is one thing. Then one more also there where car one more also there where car will be there here string with variable length I'll explain it this one just let me finish off these things then if I want to enter the date value date so date value only that while entering the date you have to go with first year then month then in this format you have to enter that then Time is there time values only time also have in format same regular format hours minutes okay now like here seconds that is if you want both the date and time date time will be there then if you wanted to store images and all that image is there yes you can store images okay that is one thing if not image are in a database system so other than text to images. If you want to store in a video or audio or something that cannot be stored to direct in a video format or audio format that should be converted into the binary format. So to store the binary data we have lo B large objects binary large objects is there. Okay, that is so as of now you forget about these two. I will discuss a little later. Okay, even this image also you forget about that. Okay, first we will get the knowledge on these data types while creating table. Okay, that is so now so how to create a table by using this in the sense of course here we will be having one table creation you see that guys here let's take this is okay first of all let me go for explaining about one thing what is that you know okay anyhow you got this table here this command okay see there now std name is there std name so in this STD name see that is nothing but the student name it is see there std name car of 20 I have given and sometimes I'm giving std name okay where pair of 20 so what the difference between these two here both are entering for text only what is the difference here fixed length and variable length Okay. Now tell me what is the so here of 20 is what in the sense in std name column maximum you can enter 20 characters that is size of that name size of the name or else length of the name maximum 20 characters we can enter how many characters maximum 20 characters more than 20 characters name you cannot enter in both the cases that you need to tell. For example, let's say here I'm giving now my name. Let's say that Venu Gopal I used. Let me know how many characters are there on that Venu Gopal. Tell me how many characters are there on the Venu Gopal guys please respond. Nine is there. Okay fine it is nine. Maximum how many characters we have given? Maximum how many characters we have given 20. So how many characters are free space right now? How many characters free space 11 but okay fine that's okay here also I'm giving venual here also I'm giving venuer what makes the difference between these two you know in storage not explicitly listen carefully in storage in a database storage even though see in car in a memory that is in a storage part in a memory though you used nine characters out of maximum 20 characters that memory occupation is 20 characters only. That means whether you use utilize maximum 20 characters or not utilize 20 characters data type occupies full space. 20 character space will occupy. It will kept it will keep that 11 characters empty and won't allow you to store any other data into that in a memory not explicit implicit memory storage. But whereas when coming to here where of 20 maximum you have given 20 characters but how many characters you utilize in the sense nine character space utilize only 9 character space will be occupied in a memory storage remaining 11 character space will left over for further usage okay further data store usage that is but so for one more student for example if I give here Ravi here also I'm giving Ravi here four characters though it is a four characters car will occupy 20 characters but here four characters space one occupied remaining 16 character space will beed for other per section so that's why it is called as car and it is fixed length it is it is variable length variable in the sense maximum 20 will not be exceeded but how many characters you use based on that the memory will be occupied by the worker but in a car whether you use 20 characters are not used 20 characters. So full memory will be occupied. Full memory in the sense 20 character space will be occupied. Now shall we write a create table command with this? Shall we write down? Yes. Now I'm going to the here. Let's see that guys. Guys come back here now. Now I'm working on which database? Fab 2026 DB. Yes. So within this I'm writing now create table here. Just see so so what is that create table I'm writing that bio data is my is the table name open bracket even you can continuously write my but I'm writing in multiple lines so now here I'm taking row number is the column name and int is the data type and put a comma yes one column has been done guys listen carefully table names column Column names must be single word. Multiple words you should not use here. Table names and column names should not go for multiple words. There should not be a space between uh table names or column names. If you want space, so you have to go with a symbol called underscore underscore can use it. Okay, that is so that is one thing. Then student name, I'm giving student name as a std name. Then here I'm giving here webcar of 20 characters. That length is up to you. Okay. Then I'm giving here now birth date. So it's a date I'm giving that is then location. Then I'm using here now car of 20. Yes. So then put semicolon. Yes. Like this you have to write a a simple table create command. So then what should we do? We have to select these all lines. Lines all lines you select and go for execute button. Yes, I got executed the table. Okay. So where can I see this table here in this database? You have a tables part is there. Now right click on the tables. Go for refresh all. So you got a arrow mark here. arrow mark in a sense one table is there click on the arrow mark see you will see the buy data table within that click on the arrow see that columns click on the columns the list of columns what you mentioned will be shown here then indexes foreign keys triggers is there forget about as of now that upcoming sessions you will come to know that see guys so one thing it's a case sensitive if you follow capital letters you have to use all capitals if you follow small letters all you Go for small letters. That means in which combination you create table names and column names in the same combination you have to use here that is there is any restriction at all. Even when you write a small letters also you see there. So whenever you come down here see there now I'm writing like this create table. See that I'm writing create table empt. So I'm writing in one line only. Emp care of some 20 or 30 characters. Then here I'm going for job. Okay. Where care of some 10. Okay that is one thing. Then uh we can go for that salary. It is also we can make it float or else make it int only. No worries that even if it is float nothing nothing nothing to worry yes like this and I'm selecting this and going for uh executing say I got executed the table so in a test DB I'm going for refreshing all this okay you see there here so you will see here now guys you see that the small letters only so here it is capital letters that is up to But my suggestion is that you might be asking sir which one should follow better follow capital letters. Better follow capital letters. That's it. So there is any restriction at all whether writing small letters or capital letters. Anything is okay. So what is another one that here now? Wut again getting an error. What happened? Ward share your screen. Share your screen. Got it. Nice, nice, nice. Sounds good. It is a faster day guys. So that we are going very slowly because you have to settle down here environment and executing queries and all that. So that is who already having knowledge be patience in a session. So shall we go for yes ma'am we have further data types also there I'll show you just wait okay first of all basic things we are working basic things because I told I'm repeating once again that it's a fast today so that every day one itself I can't go for all at once I'm taking slow by one by one one by one yeah guys is it okay is yeah so now we have created two tables okay in a two different databases okay fine that but is the table having any records or rows is the table having any records or rows here no rows are there no records are there so how to add the rows how to add the rows here this is very important let's see so for that we have to go for some other command. Okay, what is that? See how to add rows to the table. So for that there is a command called insert is there. Insert. Insert command is there. Okay. Now has to be used. What is the syntax of insert command? You see that insert? See guys, insert into table name. Insert into table name. Then to which column you want to add the data that column names we should get that is column one column two or something for that columns we have to go for values val one val 2 something we have to be entered here. This is in this case wherever you are having number sorry uh strings and date values string date values and all has to enclose in single quotations single quotes single quotes has to be taken up that okay that is one thing we have to go so let's see that how this insert commander has to get it that is see there now we got one insert command for the buy data. So the insert into buy data. So how many columns are that column names and for that one values has to be given that is let's see now how I'm writing for this. So where that is I'm going to this cloud. So first which database I'm in test DB but I'm going for uh that by data table in which DB feb is there. So that I'm writing like this right now. Okay. So use of FAB 2026 DB first I'm taking that and I'm going for that execute that is I executed. Okay here row whenever you go for this one by data table is there in this table then go for list of columns here. Yeah guys you see there here now insert into bio data. Okay. Open bracket. Then column names. First column role number. Second column STD name. Third column birth date. Fourth column location. You should not have the spelling mistakes. Remember that my then go for values. Okay. This is and first what is the column? Ro number. Give any role number here. Okay. Any name you can give it. That is 10,0001. Put a comma. Then second one is student name. It's a string. Since it is a string here you enclose in double quotes, single quotes. There you write down that is here. Now so here I am writing that Gita Sahastra. Yes, put a comma. Then birth date. Date also should be in single quotes. But uh one thing you should remember that what is the date format we should give for the birth date guys? first year then month then day we should not forget that so that here also single quotes so that I'm giving right now 20210 - 9 - 12 that is one thing then location that is also a string so that here we go for that provate header so entering data is not a case sensitive data part you can give anything that is I'm talking about only commands part capital letters or anything so data anything you can enter suppose here let's see that is I wanted to go for like this you see there what I'm doing you know first one uh so here Gita okay sahastra will take no worries yeah so now select those two lines select those two lines and go for execute. Yes, it got executed. It got executed here that is but is that row is visible on the table for us in the sense it is not visualizing it is not visualizing here. So one thing so for inserting of rows we have used one command insert that is okay but to see that data is there or not in the table in the sense again one more command has to be used. Okay. So that is here. Now select command. Select you have to write like this. Select star from bio data has to go for it. Select that and click on execute button. Okay. You will see that data. See there. Now this output should come here to you guys. Work on it. that yeah see these two seema the screen which you are seeing now try to execute that one first go to your database where the by data table is there where the by data table is there first go to that command that database by using use command then write down that insert command with your own data the values you can give yourself Anything do it that current which is very simple thing that in a date format first year next month next day that's it first you have to specify the year see 2010 is the year hyphen next month next day in that format Only date will be accepted in MySQL. Simple part within the single quote always whether it is a string name or date it it comes at any moment it should enclosed within single quotes that is must for a numeric value single quotes is not required. You observe that only for 101 I have not given a single quotes for remaining all I have given a string in quotes. Two strings are there. One date is there. That is what the entire value should be enclosed within single quotes. Want to date format. So here one thing Moria always storage part like that only that you can't change. But for visibility perspection in a different formats we can view it. For that one we have some functions. But storage prospection you can't change that format. But viewing purpose we can change. For that one we have some date functions are there. With the help of those functions we can view it in a different ways. That is a rule for MySQL. I hope I got it now. Yes. That is guys please let me know how many of you succeeded in setting of rows. one row it is yes fines are falling yes even you use the select command also I hope so that select star from by data I'm asking about both the commands first execute insert after once it is get succeeded then go for select to see that data In that way we have to go. So now see here one thing guys what is that you know yeah so this insert command we are executed uh one and we inserted only one row. Suppose if I have 10 students data for example let's that so should I need to write 10 insert commands in the sensor of course if you write not a problem for that that is but with one insert command with one insert command multiple rows can be added that is only one row now multiple rows can be added here that is so now I'm writing a insert command like this here so what is that in the sense is just wait uh uh yeah see there here so what I'm writing you know take this insert command write on here only so insert into bio data so now here again row number comma std name comma birth date so comma location so then I'm writing here values use. So 1,2 then here. So praise then here now. So 2012 - 0 7 - 20. So then here that is so so again what that is just I'm yeah one is done. Then put a comma put there comma and once again you write like this what is that 1,00 to guys wanted I'm giving to show you one uh mistake that is again already given role number so then here so here now I'm giving vanilla yeah vanilla I'm giving that so then here what is that in the sense 2015 - 10 - 10. So then again here something like I'm giving nellor okay that is one more location yes so then one more I'm giving that here so here 14 I have given that so Leave it these all things. Yes, I'm inserting three rows. Yes, see there. Now I'm inserting three rows. Right now at last you have to put semicolon. This is and I'm trying to execute this one. I'm trying to execute this. See that I selected those three lines and see it got executed. That is see three rows are affected. Now you see here that is so select start from buy data and go for this one. See you got the data here. See there now you have the data you have here data is there right now. This is this is what just you can take down right now. See that now that all rows were able to see space problem other is but you are having the data okay like this multiple rows can be added but here one problem is coming so wanted did a mistake that to show you this is because see the duplicate role number has been given it has been accepted but it should not accept it should not accept that why why it…

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